Most varieties of cherries can only bear fruit under cross-pollination conditions, so several different species have to be planted side by side to obtain a harvest. However, the size of the site does not always allow this. In addition, the southern culture blooms very early, when bees do not always fly because of the cold weather, and rainy weather interferes with the transfer of pollen. Only self-fertile cherries can please with a stable harvest of the inhabitants of the middle zone, the formation of the berries of which occurs even before the full opening of the bud.
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Fully self-fertile varieties
With self-pollination, only a small percentage of flowers, in comparison with free pollination, are able to set fruits. Varieties in which this figure is at least 20% are considered self-fertile. There are few of them, and even less among frost-resistant species. The absolute champion is the mid-early yellow Home Garden sweet cherry, which does not need pollinating trees and at the same time consistently brings a high yield. It tolerates winter cold and spring frosts well. The berries are tasty, but tender, not suitable for canning and long-term storage.
The mid-season variety Narodnaya Subarova begins to bear fruit already 3-4 years after planting. The self-pollination rate reaches 90%. A tree with a strong crown that can withstand gusts of wind and thick snow does not require particularly fertile soil. It grows even on loam and sandy loam soil. It is appreciated by gardeners for its high resistance to fungal diseases, incl. immunity to coccomycosis. Dark red berries have high taste and are suitable for processing. Productivity - 35-50 kg per tree.
The Sweethart variety is late, but early-growing, since it begins to yield in 2-3 years. Pollinates not only itself, but also other species of late cherries. The fruits are very large, heart-shaped, weighing about 10 g, and in some cases - 15 g. The dark red pulp is juicy and sweet. Due to the dense skin, the fruits practically do not crack. They do not crumble for a long time and, when ripe, can hang on branches until the end of summer. The tree tolerates frosts well down to -29 ° С. The disadvantages include low resistance to powdery mildew and fragility of the branches from severity with a plentiful harvest.
Partially and conditionally self-fertile cherry
These crops bear fruit alone, but not much, since the ovaries are formed from 5 to 20%. To increase yields, other trees are planted for the purpose of cross-pollination. The following varieties are used as mutual pollinators: Iput, Revna, Ovstuzhenka, Tyutchevka and self-sterile Raditsa.
Ostuzhenka independently sets a maximum of 10% of the fruits, but if there are pollinators from the tree, you can collect up to 30 kg of dark red sweet berries. Fruit weight 6-8 g, they do not crack, are suitable for transportation and processing. The variety shows good resistance to disease and cold and is able to withstand temperatures down to -45 ° C.
The mid-early variety Iput has an increased immunity to clasterosporia and coccomycosis. A stable annual yield is due to the high frost resistance not only of young shoots, but also of flower buds. Fruits are heart-shaped, maroon to black, weighing 5-8 g. The pulp is sweet and firm, but does not separate well from the stone. In rainy summers, the berries tend to crack.
Jealous herself sets only 5% of the fruits, so the above-mentioned pollinators should be planted nearby. The trunk and skeletal branches tolerate frost and sunburn equally well. The flowers do not crumble when freezing down to -5 ° C. Has a high immunity to fungal diseases. Fruits are medium in size and sweet. They can be stored for a long time, suitable for transportation, versatile in use. The color of berries and juice is intense, dark red.
In the middle late variety Tyutchevka, 6% of the fruits are tied during self-pollination, but with cross-pollination, you can get 25-40 kg of berries from a tree. Resistance to most fungal diseases is average, to moniliosis - high. The juicy sweet fruits were highly appreciated by experts in terms of taste: 4.9 out of 5. They are easily separated from the stalk, but do not fall off themselves.
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