The use of grape fertilizer contributes to the proper development of the plant. It is necessary to observe the dosage of feeding in order to harvest a high yield. In addition, the time of year, the phase of shoot development and the method of fertilization are important.
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How to feed grapes
The main substances necessary for the proper growth of grapes are potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus. In addition, the soil should be rich in iron, zinc, calcium, manganese, sulfur and other elements.
Nitrogen influences the proper development of the vine. With a lack of an element, leaves fall off, the bunches become smaller. With its excessive application, the taste of the berries deteriorates, and the plant's susceptibility to unfavorable weather conditions increases.
Potassium reduces the plant's vulnerability to diseases and low air temperatures. It also contributes to the timely ripening of berries, improving their taste. The lack of potassium is indicated by the pallor of the leaves and their drying out at the edges. Its lack is often found on light soils.
Phosphorus ensures proper growth of the vine. The lack of an element can be detected by purple spots on the leaves.
Organic fertilizers are also used for feeding. For 1 sq. m will need 6-7 kg of compost. In addition, wood ash is used to enrich the soil. It contains a large amount of calcium, which is needed for the normal growth of the grape bush. Fertilizers, which include several components, have the following dosage:
- Humus - 9 kg.
- Superphosphate - 45 g.
- Potassium - 25 g.
This mixture ratio is calculated for 1 sq. m of soil.
In the shops for summer cottages, ready-made fertilizers are sold specifically for grapes, which contain the necessary trace elements and vitamins.
Top dressing of grapes
It is advisable to use nitrogen in spring because of its rapid leaching from the soil. Potassium and phosphorus can be used in the fall and during the period when the plant is developing.
In sandy, low-humus soils with a low level of absorption capacity, mineral fertilizing is applied in the spring. On heavy, clayey and loamy soils, it is used in the fall.
There are 3 periods of grape development, when fertilization will be most effective:
- Before flowering (1-2 weeks).
- During the formation of buds, on which the next year's harvest depends.
- 10 days after flowering.
- When ripe berries.
There are 2 ways to feed grapes: root and foliar. In the first method, fertilizers are applied next to the shoot into a trench to a depth of about 50 cm, so that more nutrients enter the root system. Foliar fertilization is often carried out in conjunction with spraying the vines with disease control agents. After picking the berries, it is recommended to treat the vine with a 5% urea solution.
Nitrogen fertilizers are used annually. The frequency of soil enrichment with potassium and phosphorus depends on the degree of its supply with microelements. At a low level, feeding is carried out annually, with an average - 1 time in 2-3 years, with a high level - 1 time in 3 years. Organic fertilizers (compost, manure) are used in the fall once every 3 years.
Do you know what to feed the grapes with?
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Read about planting grapes in the following article:Where is it better and how to properly plant grapes on the site