To get a harvest of large and healthy bulbs, you need to consistently, starting in early spring, carry out measures for the preparation of the soil, for the care and feeding of plants.
Onion sets emasculate the soil, so the introduction of organic and mineral substances is necessary. The plant especially needs nitrogen-containing and potassium-phosphorus fertilizers.
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Preparing the soil before planting
Precursor cultures will help you choose a site for planting onions on a turnip: cucumbers, zucchini, tomatoes, potatoes, legumes. It should be borne in mind that the plant loves light and moderately moist sandy loam soil. Soil preparation must be started in autumn:
- After harvesting the predecessor vegetable, top dressing is applied from a mixture of manure, ash and peat in a ratio of 2: 1: 1. You can use ready-made potassium-phosphorus fertilizer 300-500 g per 1 sq. m.
- Further, a deep digging of the site is carried out.
If the soil on the site is highly acidic, then liming is carried out. But in this case, it must be borne in mind that it will be possible to plant onions on the site only after a year.
Top dressing in early summer
The first feeding is carried out 2 weeks after planting. It should be a high nitrogen product, such as one you can make with your own hands. Among them:
- Organic fertilizer. 1 glass of liquid manure and 1 tbsp. l. dilute urea with 10 liters of water. Consumption per 1 sq. m - up to 3 liters. Chicken manure can be used instead of manure.
- Mineral fertilizers. 40 g of superphosphate, 30 g of ammonium nitrate, 20 g of potassium chloride, diluted in 10 liters of water. Process at the rate of 2 liters per 1 sq. m.
- 3 tbsp. l. dilute ammonia with 10 liters of water. Consumption per 1 sq. m - 1-2 liters.
You need to feed the plant in dry, calm weather, in the evening, while observing the following recommendations:
- fresh manure cannot be used, this can lead to plant disease;
- do not allow the solution to come into contact with the onion feather;
- after that, the soil must be watered and loosened.
The lack of nitrogen in the soil can be understood by the change in onion feathers. They become weak and begin to turn yellow. With an excess of nitrogen, all the forces of the plant will go to the formation of a feather, and the bulb will not be poured. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly observe the proportions of fertilization and the timing of fertilizing.
Second feeding
Top dressing of onions for large bulbs is carried out 20 days after the application of nitrogen fertilizers. This procedure provides the plant with the necessary nutrients to form the bulb and must contain phosphorus and potassium. Gardeners prefer the following fertilizer options, which must be applied at the rate of 10 liters per 2 sq. m:
- 60 g of superphosphate, 30 g of ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride each dilute 10 liters of water.
- 1 tbsp. l. ammonium nitrate and salt, 10 g of 1% iodine, diluted with 10 liters of water.
- 2 tbsp. l. Dissolve nitrophosphate in 10 liters of water.
- Fill an empty bucket with ⅓ weeds or nettles, add 1 tbsp. l. yeast and 3 liters of water. Insist for 3 days, then dilute with water to 9 liters.
The lack of potassium and phosphorus can be recognized by yellowing or drying on the tips of onion feathers. Damaged feathers are not removed, as this will negatively affect the quality of the bulb.
Do I need a third feeding
Another top dressing should be done only if the soil was initially poor and infertile. The nutrients in such a soil will not be enough to form a large onion head.
14 days after the second top dressing, potassium-phosphorus fertilizers must be added again at the rate of 5 liters per 1 sq. m.
The next day after fertilization, the onions are watered and loosened.
You cannot feed the onion after the feather lies on the ground. This means that it is ripe and the plant must be dug up.
Onions are quite unpretentious and require very simple maintenance. However, correct and timely feeding is the key to a good harvest, so you should not ignore it.
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