To understand how to feed the grapes, you need to know what this procedure is for. Autumn fertilization of the crop increases the winter hardiness of the vine, saturates the soil with nutrients, improves moisture consumption and plant resistance to fungal diseases. To achieve these goals, experts recommend using ash, organic and mineral fertilizing.
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Organic fertilizers
Top dressing of this species contributes to the healthy development of culture, saturates the earth with minerals, and improves the composition and air permeability of the soil. For these purposes, experts advise using:
- chicken droppings;
- manure;
- compost;
- shredded food waste;
- corn cobs;
- tea bags;
- paper.
Next to the bush, you need to dig a compost hole, choose 1 or several types of fertilizer and fill them in layers. To make the decay process go faster, you can use a solution of drugs, which include humic and fulvic substances. One of these means is Lignohumate. A solution of this drug must be poured into the pit, the composition is prepared according to the instructions on the package.
To regulate the state of useful microflora in the soil, yeast feeding is performed twice a season. 100 g of the main component must be diluted in 10 liters of warm water, insisted for 24 hours, then water the bushes at the rate of 2 liters of funds per plant. The break between procedures should be at least 2 weeks.
Mineral dressing
Autumn top dressing of grapes includes the use of drugs that include nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. Phosphorus is necessary for the normalization of energy processes, potassium contributes to the accumulation of substances that are responsible for the presence of water in plant cells. Of potash fertilizers, experts advise using:
- potassium salt;
- potassium magnesium;
- potassium sulfate.
Top dressing is applied according to the instructions on the package. In addition, grapes need to be fertilized with urea, copper or iron vitriol, Bordeaux mixture, colloidal sulfur. The drugs are used with a break of 10-15 days.
In the fall, grapes need phosphorus-potassium supplementation. It is necessary to dilute 20 g of superphosphate and 10 g of potassium salt in 10 liters of water, water the bushes with the resulting solution (the product is prepared per 1 m²). Instead of potassium salt, you can add 25 g of potassium sulfate, 1 g of boric acid, 2 g of zinc sulfate.
For the development of roots and activation of the growth of the vine, phosphate rock is introduced at the rate of 200 g per sq. m. Before the onset of frost, grapes are fertilized with Azofoskoy (50 g of the preparation per 1 bush). Nitrofoskoy top dressing is applied once (the solution is prepared from 10 liters of water and 2 tbsp. l. preparation, calculation of funds for 1 sq. m.). Twice a season, the plant is fertilized by Bishal, once Novofert is introduced. The solution is prepared according to the instructions on the package.
Ash
Wood ash can be poured under bushes during the autumn digging, but it is better to use a solution. 300 g of the main component must be diluted in 10 liters of water, pour the resulting product over the grapes. The procedure nourishes the plant with phosphorus, sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, neutralizes acidity and scares away harmful insects.
After the grapes have been fertilized with all the dressings, you need to mulch. The procedure is carried out at a time when the soil begins to freeze. The ground around the bushes can be covered with the bark of coniferous trees, compost, peat, humus, sawdust, straw, dry fallen leaves. Mulching will prevent minerals from washing out during rains, feed the soil with humus, and protect the grapes from sudden changes in temperature.
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