Apples begin to rot right on the tree due to a deficiency of essential trace elements, pathological activity of pests or moniliosis.
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Moniliosis, or fruit rot
Fungal infection is considered the most dangerous and at the same time common cause of the death of fruit trees. A sign of damage is the formation of brown spots on the apples, gradually increasing in size, tending to merge into one. On the surface of the formation, there is always a white convex coating of spores in the form of circles.
The infection can affect not only the apples on the branches, but also the fruits already removed for storage, provoking their gradual softening and rotting from the inside. On fruits taken from a tree, white bloom does not appear. You can only suspect the disease by changing the color of the apple to glossy black.
Spores of the marsupial fungus penetrate the fruits or under the bark of trees through wounds. Infection occurs throughout the growing season, the most favorable conditions for the spread of the pathogen are created after rain at an air temperature of about + 20 ° C.
Moniliosis in the second half of the growing season ensures the death of up to 70% of the crop. The spores of the fungus are resistant to low temperatures, therefore, in the spring, the pathogen overwintered in the shoots or fallen fruits causes the death of leaves, inflorescences and young trees. From apple trees, the fungus can spread to quince or pear.
Treatment and prevention of infection
Such apple varieties are resistant to fungal infection as:
- Slav;
- Buratino;
- Idared;
- Uralets;
- Kandil.
It should be borne in mind that in the absence of competent prevention of the disease, even these apple trees can be affected by a fungal infection. To protect the harvest, gardeners follow simple rules:
- Planting seedlings should be carried out in elevated and well-ventilated areas. Avoid placing trees too close together. For the prevention of thickening of the plantings, formative pruning is used, which allows maintaining the air and light transmission necessary for the health of the crowns.
- Timely application of fertilizing with micro- and macroelements increases the apple tree's resistance to various diseases.
- Removing the affected shoots, leaves and fruits at the first signs of infection helps prevent the spread of fruit rot in the garden. Carrion and fallen leaves are to be burned. Apples infected on a branch are removed in order to exclude infection of the branches through the stalk.
- When selecting fruits for storage, preference is given only to those that do not have any damage.
An unfortunate combination of circumstances in the form of the vagaries of the weather and the massive spread of the pathogen to those adjacent to the garden areas can lead to tree infection even if all necessary preventive measures are taken activities. Plant treatment is carried out in several stages with the use of fungicides.
With the onset of spring, the gardener should take care of protecting the still healthy trees. Each is treated with 2-3 liters of Bordeaux liquid at a concentration of 3%. It is also possible to use other copper-containing chemicals (Phthalan, Horus). Additionally, the prevention of scab is carried out, which increases the risk of developing fruit rot.
The next processing is done one month before the expected harvest date. At this stage, Fitosporin-M is used. Spraying must be repeated on day 3. After removing the fruits of the apple tree, they are treated with a solution of copper sulfate, 100 g of which is dissolved in 10 liters of water.
Moniliosis is capable of destroying not only the fruits, but also the apple trees themselves, therefore it is important to take all possible measures to prevent it, and in case of infection, to carry out high-quality treatment of trees.
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