Usually pines grow on sparse sandy soils. But pine forests in the mushroom season allow you to take your soul away and fill the baskets with the generous gifts of the forest. The pine forest is clean and light, for it it is rare - impassable windbreaks and swamps, and the air is fragrant, tart, healing - to the point of dizziness. And the mushroom assortment is the richest: from modest green leaves to the boletus king. We take the basket, let's get acquainted.
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Boletus pine
The king of Russian forests, the most coveted trophy of mushroom pickers. Friends (or, if scientifically, forms mycorrhiza) with all conifers, but the favorites are pine. Prefers pine forest with lichens and white moss. Likes to "settle" in open, lighted places, but does not favor grasses and shrubs.
You can meet boletus in a pine forest in July-October when the weather is suitable for it.
- The hat is brown-red, initially in the form of a hemisphere, later - convex.
- The leg is powerful, swollen, slightly lighter in color than the cap.
Inexperienced mushroom pickers can mistake poisonous counterparts for boletus - satanic and bile mushrooms. The theory works here: the porcini mushroom is white on the cut, it does not turn pink and smells fragrant.
Unlike poisonous, they change the color of the cut to pink and exude a putrid smell.
Oiler (autumn, yellow, ordinary)
If the pine boletus chooses mature forests (35-70 years old), then the suitable habitat for the oiler is a young sandy pine forest.
- The hat is convex, brownish, with a slimy, easily detachable skin (it gets very dirty on the hands when cleaning the mushrooms).
- The leg is cylindrical, lemon color, brown at the root. There is a ring on the leg, which distinguishes the mushroom from the red oil can.
The first mushrooms pop up at the end of May, until November, up to six waves of boletus harvest will "ride".
Autumn mushroom
The delicacy mushroom grows on the stumps left after the felling of trees. Occurs on the ground under trees in July-November. The most productive season is in August. Forms "colonies", "captures" solid areas.
- The hat is convex. The edges may bend upward.
- The color is brownish yellow.
- The leg is white, cylindrical.
The pulp is dense, fibrous, white.
Greenfinch
The name "greenhouse" was "appropriated" because of the green-yellow color of the body. Grows on sandy ground, in groups (up to eight pieces) and singly. Not a lover of warmth and light, prefers shade. It can be found in the forest in August-September, when many other mushrooms are already finishing the season.
- The leg is straight, expanding towards the bottom.
- The hat is sticky on top: it is always up to its ears in the sand and needs to be thoroughly washed.
Wormy greenfinches are rare.
Chanterelle
"Homebody": lives for many years in a "home", preferably a damp place. A substance in the chemical composition of the chanterelle, which repels parasites, protects it from pests. Poisonous mushrooms have similar properties, but the chanterelle is edible.
- The mushroom is medium-sized, orange.
- The hat smoothly goes into the leg.
- The pulp is firm, elastic.
It hides in mosses from June to October, although such a bright forest inhabitant is hard to miss. Due to its unique structure and bright color, it cannot be confused with poisonous mushrooms, even with a false chanterelle.
Ryzhik (pine,present,autumn)
It is found in July-September, it cannot stand the cold. Occurs in glades and illuminated areas.
- The cap and leg are orange, fleshy. At a tender age, the hat is a funnel, then it is flat.
- The pulp is fragile, it smells good.
- The cut turns green and gives off "milk".
Ryzhik is good in salting and not suitable for drying.
Ezhovik
Refers to conditionally edible. It "crowds" in small groups on sandy dry soils in August-November.
- The hat is curved, covered with brown scales, similar to a tile.
- The leg is solid, cylindrical.
- The pulp is white-gray, thick, dense, with a pleasant smell.
Young mushrooms are good for food: "youth", unlike respectable individuals, loses its characteristic bitterness during heat treatment. Mostly cooked "hot".
Another method of application is as a seasoning: dried hedgehogs are ground in a coffee grinder, "mushroom flour" is added to the dish to add flavor.
You need to know them by sight: what you can't take home from the forest
In a pine forest, as in any other forest, you can find not only edible mushrooms, but also dangerous individuals. Some pretend to be real, others attract with their elegant color.
- Gorchak - the inedible double of boletus, can cause liver cirrhosis.
- Fly agarics - panther, gray-pink, red, grebe.
- Death cap. The most dangerous creation of nature. Eating can be fatal. If you find one in a basket, you should throw out all its contents: even a tiny particle of a toadstool contains a lethal dose of poison.
- Sulfur-yellow honey agaric. Can be confused with edible honey. Its poison cannot be exterminated even by the most prolonged heat treatment, in canned food the poisonous effect only intensifies.
We will justify a fly in the ointment in the form of a far from complete list of poisonous mushrooms by the fact that they are needed in a pine forest to maintain balance. And not to put a pale toadstool or a false chanterelle in the basket will help the knowledge and attentiveness of the mushroom picker.
If you are not sure that the mushroom is edible, then it is better not to even touch it.
Observing simple rules and studying the "assortment" of mushrooms that live in the forest, you will bring home only safe prey from the "quiet hunt".
Do you like to pick mushrooms in the forest?
Original articleand many other materials, you can find on ourwebsite.
How quickly mushrooms appear after rain, see also the following article:How many days do mushrooms appear after rain and how quickly they grow