Every compatriot has seen a revolver of the "Nagant" system at least once in historical films, but not what the ammunition for this weapon looks like. The fact is that the revolver has very specific cartridges with a bullet completely recessed into the sleeve. Why did the Nagan brothers use such a design solution at all?
The revolver of the Nagant system appeared in the Russian Empire in 1895. Then a contract was signed for the supply of 20 thousand units of this type of weapon with a caliber of 7.62 mm. Also, the empire acquired a license to manufacture seven-shot revolvers at its factories and plants. The revolver turned out to be much cheaper than what the equally famous Mauser could offer in those years. Therefore, very quickly, the Nagan became the main service weapon of officers, gendarmerie and secret police, as well as revolutionaries.
The main problem of the vast majority of revolvers of that time was that the powder gases at the time of the shot broke through into the gap between the breech of the barrel and the drum. This happened because the drum in the revolver cannot be tightly pressed against the barrel. As a result, some of the powder gases were simply lost. Because of this, in turn, the muzzle energy of the bullet decreased, and the injury risk to use such a weapon for the shooter himself increased. In addition, the shot was getting much louder than it could have been.
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It was the Belgians who were among the first to solve this problem in revolvers at the arms factory of Emil and Leon Naganov. In order for all the powder gases to go into the barrel, the engineers came up with the use of an unusual 7.62-mm cartridge, the bullet of which was recessed into the sleeve and compressed at the muzzle.
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Due to this, after turning the drum, the muzzle of the sleeve protruded 1.5 mm into the barrel of the revolver, thus closing the gap between the breech and the barrel. At the time of the shot, the sleeve expanded and finally closed the gap due to super-tight pressing. Thanks to this, all the powder gases rushed into the barrel, which led to an increase in the power of the shot and a decrease in the level of noise produced (compared to earlier revolvers).
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A source: https://novate.ru/blogs/120420/54121/