Concrete is one of the oldest building materials known to mankind. It was he who at one time made possible the creation of the most grandiose buildings of our civilization. Since time immemorial, concrete has cracked. Cracks not only spoil the appearance of the building, but also carry a lot of dangers. This means they need to be eliminated, and the sooner this is done, the better. There are only three really effective ways to repair cracked material.
In general, concrete is a very durable building material. However, sooner or later, he begins to crack. Before undertaking the restoration of the material, it would be nice to identify the reason why chips, deformations and splits began to form. Most often, the matter lies in poor-quality filling, soil heaving, temperature changes, shrinkage processes, the effect of salts and sulfates on the material. In addition, the reason may lie in poor-quality or rusted fittings and, finally, in mechanical stress on the material.
It should be understood that cracks and chips can be both dangerous and safe. On the one hand, splits in the material of 0.2-0.3 and even 0.4 mm do not pose a particular threat. However, if the reason for their formation is "long-lasting", then the cracks can grow and turn into quite dangerous. There is only one thing left - to eliminate them as soon as possible. This can be done in one of the following ways.
1. Injecting
The essence of this method is to drill a hole in the material towards the crack. After that, the damaged area is filled with a special compound under high pressure. A composition is being prepared from epoxy resin, liquid glass or sand-concrete mixture. After such filling, the crack will not go far.
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2. Sealing
Directly filling the formed crack with a sand-concrete mixture. In most cases it is applied to damage of medium size. In this case, it is imperative to add polymers to the working mixture, which will increase the adhesion of the base surface.
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3. Shotcrete
The most time consuming, but at the same time the best way. The essence of the method comes down to spraying an additional concrete layer. For work, the same sand-concrete mixture with the addition of all kinds of polymers is used. These are additives made of latex, resin and bitumen.
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A source: https://novate.ru/blogs/270420/54295/