It is enough to look at the cannon of a modern tank even with a cursory glance to notice a slight thickening on it approximately in the middle of the barrel. Since it was made on one of the most important elements of military equipment, it is quite obvious that this "seal" is not necessary for beauty. What is it called and why is it so necessary for tanks?
This device on the cannon is called an ejector. It is necessary to purge a tank gun after firing a shot and remove the powder gases remaining in the barrel. If it were not for it, then the gas from the shot would inevitably fall into the fighting compartment of the car, the next time the shutter was opened.
As a result of this design, the work of the crew would be significantly hampered. On old tanks, there was no ejector and a large amount of smoke entered the conning tower where the crew was located. The smoke made it difficult to breathe normally, and also significantly impeded visibility.
So, if you make a cross-section of the gun and the ejector, it becomes clear that there is nothing fundamentally complicated in the design of this device. So, at the right base of the ejector there is an exhaust valve with a hinge and a thin oblique nozzle, which is located at an acute angle to the axis of the gun.
The device works, everything is just as simple. The projectile moves along the barrel of the gun, as a result of which it passes the valve inlet. Powder gases under high pressure, which push the ammunition, open the flap and fill the cavity of the ejector, thereby increasing the pressure inside it. Next, the projectile passes through the oblique nozzle holes, continuing to fill the ejector with gases through the existing holes.
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After all this, the projectile leaves the gun. Powder gases rush out and also leave the barrel of the gun, reducing the pressure inside it. At the same moment, the powder gases that remained inside the ejector rush towards the muzzle, dragging the gas from the breech of the gun with it due to the difference in pressure. After that, loading with a new projectile can be done without any threat.
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Continuing the topic, you can read about
why were two cylinders attached to the stern of the T-34 (spoiler: not fuel tanks).
A source: https://novate.ru/blogs/210120/53165/