It takes time to grow a full-fledged fruit tree. Gardeners are trying to reduce it and widely use selection, some are studying the works of the Russian biologist I. IN. Michurin and even try not only to repeat his experiments, but also to develop new varieties.
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Breeding methods for trees and shrubs:
- germination of shoots;
- cutting and rooting cuttings;
- sowing seeds;
- graft.
Each breeding method has both advantages and disadvantages. And “garden vaccination” has many nuances.
There are concepts such as rootstock and scion. A graft is something that is grafted, for example, a freshly cut apple stalk, with buds.
The stock is what, for example, the trunk of a fruit-bearing tree is grafted onto. You can buy scions in the nursery at an affordable price or get them as a gift (exchange cuttings) with amateur gardeners.
Common reasons for grafting horticultural crops
Consider what makes amateur gardeners use grafting of fruit trees:
- the opportunity to get a new culture;
- use of a broken trunk as a stock;
- engraftment of rare crops that are not grown independently in new conditions.
Pros of grafting fruit trees:
- Ideally, branches with buds of several trees can be grafted onto one stock and, with a small area of the site, various varieties of late and early ripening can be collected.
- Fast approbation of the selected variety, replacing one or two years of waiting.
- Grafting of cuttings of exotic, southern varieties of fruit trees onto a stock that can withstand low temperatures. This is a kind of survival school for these cultures, giving them new properties.
- Reducing costs (a seedling is always more expensive, and a good cutting of a tree is often free).
Cons of grafting fruit trees:
- Quite a complicated technique. It is necessary to achieve a perfectly even cut and connect the scion to the stock without displacement, then separate the bark from wood and fix them correctly, it is better with the help of eco-or grafting, resorbable after engraftment ribbons. To do this, you need to have tools, for example, a knife for grafting trees, with cone-shaped, cylindrical and other nozzles and experience.
- You need to understand that the labor and costs of the entire process and caring for the grafted tree will bring one branch of a new variety and several new fruits for testing.
- According to statistics, about 90% of the grafts take root, breeders harvest a lot of graft cuttings and make a lot of grafts. And they are waiting for the juices to move, and leaves in the spring and an ovary of fruits appear on them.
- Vaccinations can weaken trees, slow down its growth and fruiting in general. The tree may be sore, and resin usually flows out from the grafting site.
- The incompatibility of the scion is rarely observed and is considered more physiological when the scion and rootstock belong to the same species. For example, a cultivated apple tree is grafted onto a wild apple tree. There are cherry-cherry hybrids, thorns, grafted culturally on technical grape varieties, rose bushes, etc.
Advice:
To experiment with garden plants, you need:
- choose a season that is different for each crop, on which the results and periods of fruiting depend;
- take into account all the requirements for scions and rootstocks.
It remains to wish that all your scions will successfully take root until next season.
Do you know how trees and shrubs propagate?
Original articleand many other materials, you can find on ourwebsite.
Read about raspberry cuttings in the following article:How to get new raspberry seedlings without costs using cuttings