I decided to devote today's article to construction, or to be more precise - mixing cement mortar. Depending on how much cement will be in it, and how much sand, its areas of use vary.
For example, I will use the most popular Portland cement. M400 D20 (CEM II 32.5N). This marking means that it contains 20% additives. In this case, the compressive strength of the cement after 28 days after filling it will reach at least 32.5 Mpa, what is 400 kgf / cm2.
In addition to cement, the solution contains an aggregate - sand. For mixing, take river sand or sand from quarries.
The immediate scope of the solution depends on the amount of ingredients in it. Some types are suitable for finishing work, others are used for repairs, and still others are optimal for waterproofing.
Today I decided to operate with volumetric ratios of ingredients. Calculating the immediate mass of sand and cement is often difficult because it is expensive to have a scale on site. It is much more convenient to measure bulk materials with buckets or shovels.
I will not open America by saying that the strength of the finished solution is determined by the proportions of cement and sand. This indicator is marked with the letter M.
By the way, you can distinguish a solution from concrete by the presence of crushed stone (in the first case, it is absent). That is why solutions are usually used for finishing work.
First, I want to consider mixtures M50 and M75which are the weakest. You can find solutions M25 and M10, but I do not recommend using them when building houses, you never know ...
Solutions of grades M50 and M75
In solution M50 the proportions of cement and sand are 1:7,4. In addition, the mixture contains 0,85 volume of water. Talking about the brand M75, the proportions in it are as follows: 1:5,4:0,8 (cement, sand and water, respectively).
For what purposes these solutions are suitable:
- For finishing and plastering surfaces in dry rooms;
- For pouring the concrete foundation;
- For internal brickwork;
- For screed floors.
Solution М100
Volume proportions of ingredients in solution 1:4,3:0,7
The mixture can be used for the following purposes:
- Plastering surfaces;
- Putting joints in slabs and panels;
- Concrete;
- Pouring floor screed;
- Laying walls made of bricks or natural stone.
Solution М150
The proportions of cement, sand and water are as follows - 1:3,3:0,7
The solution is used for:
- Pouring foundations from rubble concrete;
- Street tile laying;
- Floor screed;
- Brick and masonry;
- Plastering external walls.
This solution and everything that I will talk about further does not contain any additional ingredients such as clay, gypsum, etc.
M200 solution
Ingredient proportions 1:2,8:0,65
The solution can be used for the following purposes:
- For the foundation;
- For the construction of brick structures in a humid environment;
- For floor screed;
- For the construction of tall houses.
- For clinker masonry.
Solution M250
The ratio of cement, sand and water: 1:2,4:0,6.
- This mixture is suitable for making strong screeds (such as are needed in industrial buildings).
- Also, the solution is used for the restoration of facades, pouring foundations.
Solutions M300 and M400
In these solutions, the volume ratio of dry components 1:1,6 and 1:1 respectively. Both mixtures contain water 0,6 from the total volume.
The main advantage of cements is their frost resistance and water resistance. They are suitable for all types of waterproofing.
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