Fire blight (Erwin US) - a disease of trees and bushes, in which they wither the leaves, buds, and in the cortex appear wet spots. It is important to identify the infection in the early stages, as if it has spread to the whole plant, it will not be possible to cure the culture. The causative organism, Erwinia amylovora, affects mainly the representatives of the family Rosaceae, and cause severe burns.
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The more dangerous the disease
Bacteria accumulate in the cortex. After winter frosts survives only 10% of their initial value. In the spring they seep through the crust in the form of white spots, which are in contact with air begin to rapidly change color to brown-brown. Increasing the humidity and temperature leads to active growth of bacteria. The optimal conditions for their activity occur at a temperature of +20... + 25 ° C.
Summer fast bacteria move along the trunk and branches, causing necrosis. The disease spreads throughout the site with the help of insects, birds and wind. The state of the infected culture exacerbates the fungus. Plants die shortly after onset of disease.
Among the most prone to infection of the cultures of the following:
- pear;
- Apple tree;
- loquat;
- hawthorn;
- quince;
- Rowan.
Burn can also hit cherries, apricots and plums, but in this case, the disease has less damage to plants and it is easier to cure.
disease often falls to the site along with the seedlings, so it is not recommended to buy imported plants from unverified suppliers.
What can be done to protect the garden
To protect horticultural crops quarantine measures applied by the American Erwin. They are a temporary ban on the import of seedlings of fruit crops most susceptible to the disease, from the regions in which it is found.
At the first sign of infection is necessary to plant:
- Release from the upper layer trunk bark near the crack from which appears white-brown solid. Moisten in ofloxacin solution (1 tablet per 1 liter of water) clean cloth and put it on the spot, film and securing wound tape.
- In the early spring of damaged plants are watered at the root means Previkur Energy. This will help block the spread of bacteria under the bark.
- Before flowering the culture treated with Ampicillin (1 g in 10 liters water), and 1 cup sugar 1 tbsp. l. honey. As a result of pollinating insects will feed on this structure, rather than infected stuff, so the bacteria will spread more slowly. Spraying ampicillin produce 2 times before flowering and 1 times in its early days. When the drug wears off, it is recommended to treat the trees aerated compost tea.
- If white or brown spots appeared on the trunk after blooming, the trees are sprayed with a mixture of SCOR and Fitolavina.
- If the disease has manifested itself, when the new shoots, the plants treated with drugs Zineb or Acrobat.
- In July, when the weather is wet, the site treated with ampicillin and ofloxacin 2 times with an interval of 7-10 days. In the autumn it is better to use tools, which is composed of tiobatsilly.
To protect the garden from fire blight can spray the bushes and trees healthy ofloxacin (2 tablets per 10 liters of water) for at least 2 weeks prior to flowering.
To diagnose the disease in time, you should regularly inspect the orchard crops, when the air is warmed up to 20 ° C. Upon detection of white and brown spots of dried young shoots, fruits or peduncles should immediately proceed to the processing plant.
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