How does the distance from the device to the Wi-Fi router affect the download speed?

  • Nov 27, 2021
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At times, Wi-Fi speeds are pretty darn slow, and your download speeds don't even come close to what your ISP promised you. To make a better connection, you go to the room with the router in the hope that it will help. Sounds familiar? Find out if the distance to your Wi-Fi router actually affects the quality of the web.

You may have seen that the further you are from the router, the worse the web is. Read on to find out why this is happening.

Before answering this question, you need to understand how Wi-Fi networks work.

How does a Wi-Fi network work?

Wi-Fi is a set of wireless networking protocols that connect devices in a local area to the global web using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves with frequencies ranging from three kHz to three hundred GHz.

Wi-Fi uses only 2.4 and 5 GHz spectra. This means that Wi-Fi radio waves fluctuate (change the direction of polarity) from 2.4x109 (10 to the nine power) to 5x109 (10 nine powers) times per second, since they move at the speed of light, which is 3x106 (10 to the 6th power) km / s.

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Radio waves, like all electromagnetic waves, lose their signal strength as the distance increases. This is called damping. Attenuation is more of a factor in determining Wi-Fi coverage. Internal and outdoor environment causes signal attenuation due to composition of scattering, reflection, interference and loss paths.

The 2.4 GHz wavelength is 125 mm and the 5 GHz wavelength is sixty mm. Various objects, such as doors, cabinets, walls, etc., scatter the Wi-Fi signals, as a result of which a weaker signal reaches the receiving device. This also leads to a decrease in the energy of the waves, because some of the energy is lost in collisions.

In addition, radio waves can be reflected from iron surfaces, which changes the direction of propagation. It also affects the phase shift, which outlines the approximate time it takes for a wave to travel a certain distance.

When two waves with different phases are superimposed on each other, the energy is redistributed in such a way makarom that areas of very low energy density and areas of very high density appear energy. This is called interference (s). The interference changes the initial signal so that the receiver antenna cannot receive it.

Interference destroys the initial waveform and redistributes energy that is different from the initial dispersion.

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