1. Alcohol in the USSR in the 1920s
In the first after the October Revolution, the Bolsheviks introduced "dry law", but later, in January 1920, the Council of People's Commissars issued a decree authorizing the sale of wine with a strength of up to 12 degrees, a little later it was increased to 20 degrees. Two years later, they were allowed to sell beer. And a couple of years later, on the initiative of Stalin, a state monopoly on the sale of vodka was introduced.
However, this does not mean that connivance was allowed with respect to those who drank alcohol. In fact, strict measures were taken against those who relied on strong alcohol, especially with regard to moonshiners. But, apparently, people just didn't have enough of the 30-degree fortress of the state vodka "rykovka", which was also popularly called by size: a half-liter bottle was called a "party member", bottles with a capacity of 0.25 and 0.1 liters, respectively, were called "Komsomolets" and "pioneer".
2. Sobering-up stations
Sobering-up stations were the symbol of the Soviet era in relation to alcohol. But not everyone knows exactly when they appeared. And this happened in 1931 - then the first institution of this type was opened in Leningrad. Moreover, there was a certain calculation in how much of it should be in each settlement: for example, according to the editorial office of Novate.ru, one sobering-up station was opened for 150-200 thousand inhabitants.
Interesting fact: was an exception to this trend. It turns out that there was not a single sobering-up station in Armenia at all in its entire Soviet history.
3. "People's Commissariat one hundred grams"
During the Great Patriotic War, the famous phrase "People's Commissar's hundred grams" was associated with alcohol. And it appeared thanks to the spread since May 15, 1942 of the practice of "encouraging" the Red Army soldiers with vodka: those who especially distinguished himself during hostilities, received 200 grams, the rest - 100 grams and only holidays. True, six months later, on November 12, 1942. the norms were changed: now soldiers of units conducting direct hostilities or reconnaissance were encouraged with 100 grams of vodka, and the rest received half as much. There was a certain exception from this tradition: on the Transcaucasian front, the soldier was given not "forty degrees", but fortified wine. The goal of this campaign was quite simple: it was believed that the "People's Commissar's hundred grams" would help the Red Army soldiers to deal with stress and increase their morale.
4. Drinking alcohol during the "thaw" and "stagnation"
With the advent of Khrushchev to power, the already not very positive situation with alcoholism only began to worsen. However, this is not surprising, because a bad example is contagious, and Nikita Sergeyevich loved to drink and did not hide it. Of course, this does not mean that they did not try to cope with the misfortune: for example, in 1958. a government decree was issued to strengthen the fight against drunkenness and restore order in the alcohol trade.
Fun fact: It was during the Khrushchev period that the Soviet tradition of “thinking for three” arose, when one person did not have enough money for a whole bottle, and several people who wanted to drink were thrown off. This trend started after the ban on the sale of alcohol on tap.
Under Brezhnev, who, it would seem, did not abuse alcohol, the situation reached its peak - the consumption of strong drinks for the first time equaled the indicators of 1913, and then it became only grow. Of course, an active anti-alcohol campaign was carried out, hard-core alcoholics were condemned in unison at the so-called "comradely courts", and soon even a system of medical and labor dispensaries was established, to which alcoholics, by a court decision, had to travel for a period from 6 months to two years. However, this did not correct the general trend, although it was a deterrent.
5. "Andropovka"
When Yu. V. Andropov, drunkenness in the USSR has already assumed enormous proportions. And so much so that the population itself simply began to get tired of the constant contemplation of alcoholics on the streets or in their own homes. Therefore, the actions of the secretary general to combat alcoholism were only welcomed by citizens: in those days, drunkards were dealt with quickly and harshly, so pretty soon they began to hide from the demonstrative drinking of strong drinks from the public.
However, another, more famous alcoholic symbol of this short period was "Andropovka": the cheapest vodka, which cost 4 rubles 70 kopecks and was introduced by the General Secretary himself. Now savvy Soviet citizens even deciphered the name "forty-degree" in the spirit of the times: "Here He is What Kind - Andropov", or "Here She is - the Kindness of the Communist Andropov." There was even a legend that Yuri Vladimirovich wanted a person to buy not only a bottle of vodka, but also a simple snack for five rubles.
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6. M. Gorbachev
And the last years of the existence of the USSR were marked by the legendary Perestroika, among radical decisions which found a place and the decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU of May 7, 1985 "On measures to overcome drunkenness and alcoholism ". But with all the positiveness of the idea, the implementation turned out to be a disaster: from a sharp decrease in volumes the release of spirits before the destruction of vineyards and the artificial creation of a shortage of alcoholic products.
However, these measures did not lead to anything good: people did not drink less, but simply looked for other sources for the extraction of alcohol. During this period, there was a leap in moonshine brewing, and the first cooperatives could clandestinely bottling counterfeit products. Some craftsmen just started drinking everything that contained alcohol. But there was one more, more global consequence: the people sharply lost interest in both Perestroika and Gorbachev himself.
In addition to the topic: Craft allowed in all countries except Russia: why foreigners are afraid of lifting the ban
A source: https://novate.ru/blogs/300621/59586/
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