Today I will tell you how you can get new varieties of grapes by combining several parts of the plant in various ways.
Features of spring vaccination
To improve any grape variety, I use the recognized method of grafting onto an old bush. With this technique, the grafted variety (rootstock) is under the grafting area, and the scion - the new variety that was grafted - is located on top. Consequently, two varieties of grapes grow on the same bush, retaining their hereditary properties. I plant grapes in April when the buds swell. The temperature on the soil surface must necessarily reach 10 °C.
The best air temperature for vaccination is +15 °C. I store the grafted plant in the lower compartment of the refrigerator so that its buds are at rest.
Although some experts postpone the inoculation until the liquid from the cut vine stops flowing, I do not think this is correct. After all, this time coincides with the appearance of foliage, which is not very good. Pasoka does not harm, but on the contrary, it is beneficial, creating a humid environment at the grafting site. Whether the scion will take root depends on many nuances. The culprits of poor survival may be too wet or vice versa, dry soil, improperly grafted, or a bad cutting.
Types of spring vaccinations
In the spring I do vaccinations of different types:
- In a split in an underground shaft. I dig a grape bush 20 cm deep. After reducing the juice flow, I cut off that part of the trunk that is underground. I insert two scions into the split, each of which has a pair of eyes. When connecting tissues, I make sure that the cambium coincides.
- In a semi-split. In this case, the rootstock splits only on one side. I prepare the cutting in the same way as in the previous case, only on one side it should be slightly narrowed, in the form of a split. The lower peephole looks outward. I clean the inside of the scion from the bark, and leave the outside intact.
- Underground peripheral in the split. I use it if the diameter of the root stem is more than 4 cm. In this case, I make two splits, choosing places for them so that they are on flat sections of the trunk and recede from the outside by 15 cm. In each split I insert a pair of cuttings with the lower eyes out.
- Underground in the butt. I use it if the root stem is strongly twisted and there is no way to make the vertical split even. I cut a wedge on the handle with a triangle, without damaging the cortex under the kidney. On the other hand, I cut off the bark. The size of the wedge should be approximately 2-3 diameters of the handle. On the root stem, I also cut out a triangle and fix the stalk with twine.
- Underground butt. I use it when I grow seedlings on a shkolka. I cut the plant below ground level, and choose the cutting with the same diameter as the root stem. I make a cross section under the bud of the scion. I insert a wooden rod into the root stem one half of the length, and I put a scion on it. Then I wrap everything in a plastic bag. I tie the grafted area with a moistened cloth, and again cellophane on top. As the fabric dries, I moisten it with a syringe through cellophane. After opening the kidneys, I cut the bag for ventilation. I take it off when the shoots grow to 5 cm.
How to carry out an underground vaccination in the spring
First of all, I check if the cuttings are well preserved. I wash them and put the lower part in water for a couple of days. The eyes should be slightly swollen. Before grafting, I divide the cuttings into parts so that each has 2-3 eyes. Under the lowest I leave a segment of 5 cm. I carry the cuttings to the place of inoculation, wrapping them with a damp cloth.
- I dig the stem to a depth of 20 cm, cutting out the exposed roots and cleaning the trunk, then I choose the best place for grafting and cut down the bush above it.
- In the trunk I make a vertical split, with a depth equal to the scion, and so that the trunk does not split more than necessary, I tie the stump with twine.
- I cut the cutting obliquely to the right of the lower eye. On the other hand, I clean it with a wedge, keeping the bark on the outside.
- I insert the scion prepared in this way into the incision, achieving the coincidence of the bark of the wedge with the bark of the stock. The lower eye should be above the cut.
- I close the gap in the rootstock with a planed wedge from a piece of vine. The place where the vaccination was made is wrapped with twine and coated with clay.
- I spud the scion protruding above the ground with loose earth. If done correctly, new shoots will appear in about 10 days.
Thus, in the spring, you can perform a variety of types of vaccinations. If you follow all the conditions and technique correctly, then the result will surely please you.
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