Not everyone knows that many passenger planes cannot fly empty. In this regard, the Superjet is far from unique. It is forbidden to move empty and many other models from various manufacturers. Why is it the way things are with passenger aviation and how do such aircraft fly when there is not a single person in them, except for the crew members?
Strictly speaking, we are talking not only about the problem, but about the design features of most passenger liners. As you might have guessed, this “problem” is relevant not only for Sukhoi Superjet aircraft, but also for many others. The root of the problem is that, due to the design features of a significant part of the aircraft, engineers have to break the alignment. In other words, the mass of an empty (empty) car is not distributed correctly enough for the plane to take off and land safely when it does not have a certain tonnage on board.
What is the essence of the question? The bottom line is that in aviation there is such a thing as "an aerodynamically displaced aircraft». Centering is the relative position of the focus of the aircraft and the center of mass. An attempt to take off on such an aircraft can end extremely sadly for all participants in this event. During working flights, the problem is solved by itself, as there are enough people and luggage, which provide the necessary tonnage, which in turn aligns the alignment aircraft. However, what if the plane needs to be airlifted outside the flight?
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In fact, everything is very simple: you need to put ballast in the cargo compartment of the car. Most often these are ordinary sandbags. Much less often, these are spare wheels for the landing gear or some equipment and tools for servicing the liner. For most passenger aircraft, empty ballast should be around 500 kg. The cargo is placed in the tail compartment.
If you want to know even more interesting things about technology, then you should read about Why do trains have windows? with rounded corners.
A source: https://novate.ru/blogs/101021/60828/