Without a strong and reliable foundation, a residential building, like any other structure, cannot be used for a long time. The construction of foundations is a complex process, associated with the consideration and analysis of many factors, which include factors such as soil characteristics, groundwater availability and level, local climate and much more other.
After assessing all the necessary conditions, proceed to pour the foundation. Often, pouring work occurs not at once, but in parts. In this case, it is extremely important to follow the foundation creation technology, this allows you to get the most effective result.
Ideally, concrete should be poured in one go. In this case, mounting seams do not appear. However, ideal conditions for construction are far from always, and the pouring of the foundation is often carried out in parts.
This technology is also preferable in order to save money, since when pouring the foundation in one day you will need to order a mixer with concrete, otherwise you can often fill it with a concrete mixer yourself, but for several days. But we must remember that in this case the strength of the foundation will be lower than when pouring the foundation with a mixer in one day.
To avoid loss of strength, it is necessary to be well versed in the setting time and hardening of concrete. Setting begins almost immediately after pouring concrete into the formwork. If the weather is hot, this process lasts up to three hours, if it is cold outside, then the setting can be delayed for a day.
As long as the setting is taking place and the concrete is still liquid, the next pouring is acceptable, but after hardening this should not be done. just set concrete has not yet received sufficient hardness and strength; under the weight of the next layer, it may crack. This will lead to the fact that water will penetrate into the cracks and, over time, will quickly destroy the foundation (during freezing and thawing).
If pouring the second layer into liquid concrete did not work, then you need to wait a pause at least 72 hours. During this time, the concrete will harden to the desired degree. Such a method is called "cold seam". (By the way, pouring onto a liquid layer is called "hot seam"). When pouring on hardened concrete, its surface is well dried and all debris is removed from it. Each layer of mortar is compacted with a vibrator.
Division into zones
There are 3 division methods:
- 1. division of the foundation by metal partitions into several parts - vertical division;
- 2. horizontal division does not imply partitions, its height is determined by the height of the layer:
- 3. diagonal division is used only in the construction of large houses and in this case is very productive.
Errors in partial pouring of the foundation
- ill-conceived work without a clear plan. Before starting work, you must have an idea about the time of the next filling, since failure to comply with time intervals will lead to the collapse of the entire event;
- poor cleaning of the surface when using a "cold joint". With a "hot joint", the surface is covered with roofing felt or similar material. In winter, surfaces are cleared of ice and snow;
- not taking into account the ambient temperature when determining the intervals between fillings according to the "hot joint" method.
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