Gladioli are among the most hardy flowers that grow well in our area and are pleased gorgeous blooms before the arrival of autumn pores. To host a summer cottage on an elegant bed of gladioli, you must be sure to familiarize yourself with the rules of their planting in the spring and care characteristics.
Gladiolus, gladiolus he also belongs to the family of Iris. It got its name because of a long, narrow leaves, which are similar to the sword. Homeland gladiolus - hot Africa, Europe and Asia. In the wild this tuberous plant can be found in the steppes of central Russia.
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varieties of gladioli
Growing gladiolus in the culture is carried out for a long time. To date, there are about 5,000 varieties of this plant. Each of them differs in shape, size, number of flowers, color, form. In order not to get lost in a variety of grades, you can be guided by a system of classification, which in numerical code, the first digit indicates the size of the flower, and the last two speak about his color.
In size varieties of gladiolus flowers are classified into sub-groups:
- miniature size color maximum 6.5;
- melkotsvetkovye to 9 cm;
- srednetsvetkovye to 12;
- large-up to 14 cm;
- giant - their size can be greater than 14 cm.
Regarding the timing of flowering, the gladiolus varieties are early, middle and late. The flowers can also have a different shape: simple and corrugated supergofrirovannuyu. The color palette is striking for its diversity of gladioli - flowers can be of any color.
When to plant gladiolus in spring in open ground
flower planting time in the open ground depend on the climatic conditions of the region and the temperature. It is best to wait until the ground warms up to +8 degrees at a depth of 10 cm. To find out how much it warmed, it is possible to bury outside thermometer plot, in a place where plans to create a bed with gladioluses.
Rush to planting bulbs is not recommended. If you put them in a not heated and wet soil, they will rot. However, to delay the deadlines and not to be, because the soil is devoid of moisture, and plant material have to be watered actively to contribute to early germination.
Timing planting gladioli in the territory of Russia, where there is the harsh climate (Ural, Siberia) depend on the weather. In this area, the spring is in no hurry to please the warm days, so you should wait until the severe cold and rain will be falling, and only then take up the landing gladiolus. It is best to do this in late spring-early summer. To protect the plant material from the damp and cold that comes from the ground, you need to put it on the lofty ridges, on a bed of sand.
When to plant gladiolus in the lunar calendar 2018
If you focus on the lunar calendar, the auspicious days for planting gladiolus spring and summer 2018 are:
- April: 1 to 8, 12 po15, from 17 to 22 (20.00), from 25 to 29;
- May: 1 to 6 (18.00), 10 to 14, 16 to 19, 23 to 28, 30 and 31.
- June 1 and 2, from 7 to 12, 14 and 15, 16 (after 11 hours), 19 to 27, 29.
Unfavorable days:
- April 9, 10, 11, 16, 23, 24, 30.
- May 7, 8, 9, 15, 20, 21, 29.
- June 3, 4, 5, 6, 13, 17, 28, 30.
Learn when it is best to plant gladiolus in the spring, it is quite simple. To do this, you need only know their grade and to take into account climate areas.
gladiolus varieties are divided into groups:
- Too early. Flowering may occur after 2 months from the moment of landing.
- Early. They begin to bloom after 68-74 days.
- Average. Bloom through 75-80 days.
- Srednepozdnie. Bloom after 82-90 days; 91-100 days later.
If you focus on the table, it can be concluded that in the regions with warm climates late varieties are planted in mid-May, earlier - in early summer.
In the areas where the summer ends quickly, it is best to grow early and medium varieties or use seedling method.
When to plant gladiolus seedlings?
To expedite the process of flowering gladiolus, planting bulbs is carried out from March. These terms are suitable for northern regions and Siberia. For suburbs appropriate planting until mid-spring.
Plants should not experience shortage of light, so they need more light.
How better to plant: seeds, bulbs or seedlings
Important!Many beginning gardeners are often bought from China cheaper varieties of gladioli, which hit their incredible colors. Trusting in them is not recommended, because no one can guarantee that they will grow such as in the picture, so obviously buy a "pig in a poke" inappropriate. It is better to invest in a proven high quality planting material.
How to plant gladiolus seeds?
Sow the seeds of gladiolus for growing seedlings can be in late winter and early spring. Keep in mind that they will need additional lighting. Before sowing, seeds should be treated. To do this, they need to be soaked in a solution of Alpin or IAA. Replace these means can be an activator of natural (honey water or aloe juice).
Small seeds are laid out on the wet surface of the earth, which is composed of equal parts of sand, garden soil, humus. Cover ground plant material is not necessary. Before germination capacity with seedlings placed in a warm and well-lighted place.
Care of seedlings implies not too abundant watering with warm water, tilling the land. Seedlings need not bright lighting. The lamp is necessary to include not less than 14 hours. After the arrival of spring, boxes of seedlings need to bring out and put in a place that is protected from sunlight. Young plants can be transplanted into the soil or left to fall into the pot.
When it is autumn, children need to dig up and remove before the spring. For storage bulblets suitable linen bags or boxes of cardboard, which layer is not more than 4 cm.
Planting gladioli spring in open ground
Propagation can be carried gladiolus seeds and tubers manner. First Embodiment rather complicated. To him resorted breeders to produce new varieties. Growers also prefer simple and reliable method - planting corms. If planting gladiolus tubers can be hoped for gorgeous blooms that will delight over 4-5 years. After this period, planting will have to be updated. Suitable for this purpose and baby - a modest-sized bulbs, which are generated at the bottom of the mother tuber. They need to sow in the spring on a fertile soil. Thus, by the fall, you can get a young tubercles, which will begin to bloom in the next season.
Acquiring corms of gladiolus, it is necessary to examine specimens in the absence of rot. Two days before planting, they must be cleaned of scales and soak in the solution of potassium permanganate. Suitable for disinfection means "Maxim". After disinfection, the tubers must be put on the light for further germination.
Important!It is necessary to avoid waterlogging the substrate, otherwise the bulb will start to rot and die.
Particular attention should be paid to the choice of place for gladiolus. It is necessary that it is well lit and has been closed by the wind.
Planting gladiolus is necessary along the fence or build the walls on the sunny side. The plant is doing well on light and fertile soil. The ideal would be a fertile sandy loam or loam. Earth dug up, all the weeds are removed, and then making a natural fertilizer. To plant gladiolus in the land needed after it has warmed up to 10-12 degrees. In conditions of Moscow region, this period falls at the end of spring.
Depth bookmark bulbs in sandy soils up to 8 cm, on loam up to 5 cm. Between the plants need to withstand a distance of 25-40 cm. It all depends on what grade was selected.
Preparation for planting gladiolus
Planted in the ground need only healthy bulbs. This will guarantee that the plant will grow healthy and appreciate gorgeous blooms. Once the bulbs are removed from storage for 14 days before planting in the garden, you will need to conduct the following activities:
- Bulbs need to sort out, separating the large, medium and medium-sized tubers from children. With the tubers must be removed dry flakes. All spoiled the bulbs can be saved. If the tuber found a dark spot, the affected part of the pulp must be removed to healthy tissue, and the cut lubricated iodine or brilliant green.
- Pour planting for 4-6 hours water in which divorced succinic acid (1 tablet per 1 L). For soaking may also use sodium humate or heteroauxin.
- Once the bulbs are dry, they should be put to vernalization and germination. Tubers need to lay down in the bottom of the site, which is well illuminated. The room should be dry. In such circumstances, the tubers should be kept before they are planted in open ground. The fact that the onion can be indicative plant shoots, 2-3 cm long.
- Germinated bulbs need to pour a solution of potassium permanganate or fitosporin half an hour.
Especially children planting
Babe gladiolus should not be completely deepen in the ground, push it in enough soil so that on the surface could see the tip. The Babe capacity can be left to grow until the autumn.
How to plant gladiolus in a container?
If gladiolus will be planted in a container, it will need a nutritious substrate. Bulbs in pots need to be expanded at a minimum distance from each other. For the preparation of the soil is necessary to take the sand, fat humus and mineral fertilizers. Make fresh organic matter is prohibited.
Great attention should be paid to watering. In potted soil dries much faster than in the garden.
Site preparation and planting gladiolus
Gladiolus - a flower that needs to be sufficient light and fertile well-drained soil. The plant does not tolerate heavy, acidic soil with a surplus of moisture. The best composition of the soil will be fertile loam, to which is added the sand. The bottom of the recesses is necessary to cover layer of river sand (3-4 cm). The pillow of this kind will provide additional drainage and bottom will prevent bulbs from rotting.
Site preparation for the gladiolus involves digging the ground with a bayonet spade, elimination of weeds, making compost and sand. Can energize the soil with chemical fertilizers.
At what depth and at what distance to place gladiolus?
If the bulbs are planted larger sizes, it is necessary to maintain a distance of 20-25 cm between them. The distance between the small amount to 12- 15 cm.
Depth of laying the planting material depends on its size and the variety of soil (depth of planting is considered from the bottoms of the tuber, and not from the top):
- In light sandy soils gladiolus deepen 12-14 cm;
- On the black earth and loam 8-10 cm.
Bulbs planted modest size closer to the earth's surface. Babe immersed in the soil to a height of onions. When planting is completed, the seedbed must be watered abundantly.
Important!After the planting is over, it is necessary to organize support for the stems. This will prevent their deformation and will not let them fall.
Mulching suitable mold, wood chips or grass clippings. Mulch will not allow the soil to lose moisture, prevents the formation of crust and weeds sprouting.
Features of rotation
Gladioli susceptible to disease, they can become infected from other cultures. In this regard, during their spring planting should follow crop rotation and choose for them a safe neighborhood.
For many novice gardeners pressing question, as to whether it is permissible to plant gladiolus after dahlias. Such an arrangement is not approved, since both plants are susceptible to fusarium, and can attack pests. It is not recommended to plant gladiolus as after tulips, asters and garlic.
Best neighbors for gladioli considered calendula and marigold. Moreover, these plants repel pests such as thrips. To decorate the foot of gladiolus, it is appropriate to put him near the petunias, violas and other low-growing plants.
Care gladioli
Care flower bed of gladioli reduced to moderate watering warm water and garter them to supports. If at the time of planting soil is not fertilized, since the budding flower is necessary to fertilize the complex fertilizer. Pursue a recharge is necessary to 1 every 14 days.
Flower stalks with withered buds must be removed so that the flower does not force expended to create seeds. If you can see the flowers planted detke hand, it should be removed immediately.
inspection flower bed is recommended regularly to detect pests or diseases. In mid-September, when they come cold to dig gladiolus and cut the aboveground part. Tubers to be treated with a solution of potassium permanganate and a means of "Maxim", then dried and send stored.
Cleaning and storage of bulbs
When very cold, the bushes need to dig and dry. To separate the bulbs from the stems and children need to use the pruner. To store the tubers suitable canvas bags or cardboard boxes. Storage temperatures should be in the region of + 6-8 degrees, optimum humidity - 70%. The best place for the bulbs - a refrigerator or cellar.
If we consider all the recommendations in growing gladioli, rules of seeds selection and features of care, you can get a gorgeous flower garden, which will be pleasing to the eye and will be admired by all passers
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