Pepper - the king of vegetables. He takes the podium thanks to the excellent taste and a lot of useful substances. Of peppers can be cooked various dishes, whether salads or stews. Before you grow this vegetable on his summer cottage, it is necessary to become familiar with all the peculiarities of the process.
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Pepper refers to annual crops fruits which can have different colors: red, yellow, green, orange. The vegetable may also vary according to the weight and shape. If the plant ensure the proper care, the weight of a fetus can reach '50 Choose the variety necessary to guide on the climatic conditions of the area in which it is grown.
Experienced gardeners recommend a look at the following classes:
- Thick Baron. He kept pace early. The bushes can grow to a height of 60 cm. On the one bush can collect up to 9 pieces of peppers. The fruits have a cuboid shape, sweet taste and the color red. Weight of pepper - a maximum of 330
- Yellow bell. Early ripe variety of grades, which is resistant to disease. It matured for 70 days. Plant reached a height of 80 cm. Has yellow, golden fruits cuboid shape. Wall thickness - 10 cm.
- Star of the East. Early maturing hybrid with fruits of different colors: red, white, golden, dark brown. After ripening fruit can weigh 350 g
- California miracle. Mid-grade. ripening period - no longer than 75 days. Bushes reach a length of 80 cm. The fruits have a thick wall, red. The weight of one pepper - 250 g
- Tevere. It refers to early-maturing varieties. The fruits of yellow, weight - a maximum of 300 g
All varieties of peppers are different periods of maturation:
- early - before 4 months;
- Medium early - up to 4.5 months;
- later - up to 5 months;
- too late - a little more than 5 months.
Growing seedlings
Change the flavor of pepper - a merit of European breeders, who changed his pungency of sweetness.
As a rule, pepper is grown seedlings. This method is suitable for different latitudes. The exact timing of sowing depends on the climatic conditions. The optimum period - the end of winter or early spring.
Before the cultivation of seedlings is necessary to prepare the seed. First, it should be soaked for 6 hours in a warm water (50 degrees). During this period, the seeds should swell. Then, they should be wrapped in a damp cloth. Once they hatch, they need to be seeded in the prepared soil. Such manipulation of the seeds - the key to fast sprouting. First shoots can be seen in 2-3 days.
The soil for planting should include:
- 1 glass of garden soil and sand;
- 2 cups of garden compost;
- 30 g of wood ash.
All components need to be stirred, and then treat the mixture with a solution of potassium permanganate. To carry out a complete disinfection of the soil, it is recommended to be ignited in the oven and straight into the hot put in pots. Once the soil has cooled, it should be supplemented ash (1.5 kg means 70 is taken). At the bottom of the container fits drainage that eliminate stagnant water.
An alternative can be a garden soil and peat. If the ground is purchased in a specialty store, engaged in its disinfection and sterilization is not necessary.
Seeds are laid at a depth of not more than 2 cm. The distance between them will be 5 cm. Then, the soil should be watered and cover with foil or glass container. Desirably just put it in a warm place where the temperature does not drop below 22 degrees. The best containers for growing seedlings - peat or plastic pots.
After sprouting, daytime temperature is recommended to increase to 28 degrees and lowered to 15 overnight. It is important that the soil was the optimum moisture level. Its overabundance may adversely affect the culture - it becomes vulnerable to many diseases. Watering the plant should be defended with warm water (30). If it is cold, the germs will die.
In the room where the pots with seedlings, you need to provide the necessary humidity. It should be aired, and themselves the germs sprayed with an atomizer. Drafts in the room are not allowed.
For proper development of the seedlings need to take care of the publicity. A special lamp is to burn for 14 hours.
After the appearance of the first pair of leaves, it should be further step - rostochku dive to depths of cotyledonary leaves. To do this, the individual peat pots needed. If the seeds have been sown in such a capacity, there is no need for such manipulation.
When the peppers begin the process of actively take root in their development. As soon as they get stronger, two weeks before planting them in the open ground is necessary to carry out hardening. First, it should be brief - no more than half an hour. Over time, it should be extended up to 4 hours. The procedure is carried out constantly sunny weather. The best place for planting location - shadow. Drafts and frosts are harmful for her.
Before the seedlings planted in the ground, it is necessary to fertilize twice. First, it is done after a dive, and then after 10 days from the date of occurrence of the second pair of leaves. As an ideal dressing fertilizer "Krepysh", "Rastvorin", "Agricola" and so forth.
To prevent late blight, requires three consecutive days conducts watering the seedlings with a solution based on boric acid and copper sulfate (2 g per 3 liter of water). When the seedlings will be detected mite need her treatment with tincture of wormwood, tansy, garlic.
planting seedlings
As for the timing of planting seedlings in the ground, in this case it is better to do it later, rather than be left without a crop. Determine the optimal planting time is easy. To do this, view the sprouts. If they are strong and hardened, and they form buds, you can start the procedure. Equally important is the temperature - it should not fall below +17. Typically, this period witnessed the end of May to early June.
The quality of crops affected by the composition of the soil, which will be planted seedlings. A year before planting need to conduct site preparation. Best of all, to the forerunners of pepper was the onion, carrot, cucumber, pumpkin. Plant the peppers in a place where nightshade grew prohibited.
Need to dig the soil, add to its organic fertilizers (5 kg per 1 square meter). When the harvest is finished, the ground need to re-dig and fertilize potassium and phosphorus (50 grams of 1 square meter).
If this division planned re-cultivation pepper, the upper layer of soil need to energize ammonium nitrate (40 g per 1 square meter). A week before transplanting into the ground, should decontaminate copper sulfate at the rate of 1 tbsp. l. a bucket of water.
cultivation technology
Between the rows must withstand a range of up to 60 cm between the holes - 50 cm. It is imperative that the depth corresponds to the root collar tail. It should be located at the surface level of the earth. The wells of fertilizer to be stacked, mixed with phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen (1 tbsp. l.) and the ground. Confiscate the germs of the pots to be very careful so as not to damage their root system. After removing the seedlings should be dipped in a depression in the ground.
Emptiness to be filled with soil and well watered abundantly. Once it is fully absorbs the water, it must be covered with earth. To protect seedlings from night frosts, it is recommended to mulch the soil around the seedlings. peat can be used for the protective layer.
If dacha simultaneously grown bitter and sweet peppers, it is necessary to ensure that they are not located next to each other. Otherwise not be able to avoid cross-pollination.
Rostochku provide protection from pests can be a fairly simple way. Near pepper only need to put curbs marigolds, basil, calendula. But coriander and parsley perfectly attract insect pollinators.
Care of seedlings in the ground
Within two weeks after transplanting to soil, it will be most susceptible to diseases. In this connection it is necessary to provide a moderate watering. It is also necessary to avoid that water falling on the young immature leaves.
If there is at night subzero temperature, the seedlings need to hide the film or plastic bottles. This cover is also necessary to ensure on cloudy and rainy days.
Pepper - the culture, which is undemanding in care. It is enough to moderate watering and regular loosening soil. Such activities will contribute to the saturation of the soil with oxygen, which will ensure the proper development of culture and fruiting.
Feed peppers necessary for its growth and maturation. Fertilizers are made up to 4 times for the whole period. Feed the soil should be 1 every 14 days, to the beds of irrigation.
Once reached the desired height of the bushes, they should tie up to a peg driven into the ground.
Harvesting
To determine the maturity of the fruit can appear on their face - they have to go green. After that, they need to collect, put in boxes and put in a warm place where they will mature and will gain the desired color (according to grade).
The remaining fruit on the bushes begin to grow actively - after elimination of competitors it gets more nutrients.
Growing peppers - a complicated process, which does not tolerate deviations from the rules. If you adhere to all the recommendations, ranging from the preparation of the seed and ending with the care of seedlings planted, it will be possible to obtain a rich harvest of juicy colorful peppers.
This and many other materials can be found on our website.
Please put the Huskies and subscribe to the channel "About Fazenda". This will enable us to publish more interesting garden articles.
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