The genus Salvia includes over 800 species of annuals, perennials and dwarf shrubs Leaves some species are fragrant aroma of pineapple, grape, tangerine, grapefruit, anise or honeydew melon. Sage flowers attract butterflies and nectar-eating birds.
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Other names:
- salvia
Used parts:
- leaves
- roots
- seed
- flowers
Salvia officinalis (S. officinalis)
One of the most popular culinary herbs. There is, however, and its many decorative varieties. They all form small bilabiate flowers from white to dark purple color.
A native of the Mediterranean, Salvia officinalis - frost short-lived perennial to height 80 cm with silver-green oval leaves and short tassels white, purple or pink flowers.
In traditional Chinese medicine, the roots danypenya or mnogokornevischnogo sage (S. multiorrmza), for centuries used to treat blood disorders and insomnia.
Sometimes with their help it is possible to cure alcoholism.
In addition to the usual garden forms, there are varieties with beautiful wide leaves ( «Berggarten» grade) and grade vary whimsical color (for example, «Purpurea» purple leaves, in the «Tricolor» - cream-pink-purple, and at «Icterina» - golden-green).
Salvia shrub (S. fruticosa)
Variety originally from Greece and Turkey, is very similar to Salvia officinalis, but at the base of most of its leaves have a pair of stipules. Hybrid of sage and Salvia officinalis ( «Newe Ya'ar») commercially cultivated in Israel.
Lavandovolistny Sage (S. lavandulifolia)
Variety reminds Salvia officinalis with narrow leaves. He publishes lavender sage aroma, and derived from it oil is used in perfumery.
Clary Sage (S. sclarea)
Biennial plant, forming larger outlet broad velvet leaf and sends out a high upward arrow with a thick brush greenish white flowers with a purple hue. Its leaves are added in a variety of liqueurs, vermouth and wines to give them a muscat flavor and essential oil used in perfumery. Soaked in water, the seeds of Salvia form a lot of mucus, via which in the old dust particles removed and the particles of dirt from the eye.
Salvia beeswax or white Californian (S. apiana)
Shrub with fragrant spiky leaves covered with hairs serebristobelymi - comes from the south-western part of North America. Native Americans and is still used its leaves as a seasoning for food, means vast excess salivation and mucus production, and as a fragrance when rites of purification.
Golubevidny Sage (S. columbariae)
Annual plant from the south of PAPn-regions of North America. As Spanish Sage (S. hispanica), widely cultivated by the Aztecs as a main food product to American Spanish colonization, it plant produces seeds are tiny, very rich in omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, vitamins, minerals and fibers.
Salvia predictors (S. divinorum)
The species exists only in culture, and for many centuries, has been used Mexican shamans Mazatecs as a means of causing the visions and contributing spiritual purification. Despite the hype surrounding it raised, in its action, this plant has nothing to do with LSD, or cocaine.
According to doctors, it does not cause pathological dependence and has no toxic properties. But in Australia, South Korea, Belgium, Italy and Denmark, this "weed" is prohibited.
Species with fragrant foliage. Some of these plants are used in cooking. Pineapple sage, having narrow brush of red flowers and leaves with the scent of pineapple, is often used to flavor drinks and as a flavoring for desserts.
One of varieties of sage ( «Honey Melon») smell from muscat melon, and Doris Sage (S. dorisiana) with large lush blossoms of pink flowers and broad leaves smell of peach and other fruits. Very fragrant leaves and is growing in California Cleveland sage (S. clevelandii).
Apple sage (S. pomifera) found on several Greek islands. Locals candied formed on its leaves translucent Gauls and eat them as sweet.
location
Almost all species of sage (especially silver-green foliage) need full sunlight and well-drained soil. Indoor grow sages matter: here they are easily affected whitefly and mealybug. Sage prefers alkaline soil slug.
reproduction
Seeds, apical cuttings or division of the bushes.
Care
Most shrub forms responds well to light pruning or pinched (especially after flowering). Avoid over-fertilizing.
Pests and diseases
Foliage sometimes gnaw caterpillars (they were removed by hand). Sudden wilting indicates a poor soil drainage and root rot.
Harvesting and storage
Fresh leaves and flowers are harvested for culinary purposes.
Herbal Medicine
- Salvia officinalis
Used parts:
- leaves
Salvia has antiinflammatory and antimicrobial properties, and often It is used for rinsing the mouth and throat with pharyngitis, gingivitis, tonsillitis, stomatitis, and sore throat. It reduces perspiration and is a popular remedy for night sweats, associated with menopause. In addition, sage drugs improve memory, attention and mood. As the results of recent clinical trials, they help even in Alzheimer's disease.
- sage mnogokornevischny
Used parts:
- roots and rhizomes
In traditional Chinese medicine, the tribute-shen - grass, "resulting in the movement of blood." Its beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system and has attracted the attention of modern scholars. In a number of clinical trials confirmed the efficacy and for the treatment of angina and hypertension. Furthermore, the formulations of the roots are shown in acute and chronic liver disease that is associated with their protective action on this organ tissue.
Before taking sage mnogokornevischnogo drugs, consult your doctor. During pregnancy or breastfeeding should not use them. Pregnant and nursing women should not also take the sage medicinal drugs in quantities exceeding culinary standards.
household
Essential oil of sage, and many other plants, has a strong aroma and pronounced antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal properties. From its leaves is easy to prepare vegetable and vinegar spray. You can make it even easier: put a few drops of essential oil of sage onto a damp cloth, which you rub the kitchen and bathroom furniture and utensils.
As well sage and deters mol, its dry leaves or essential oil may be placed in the wardrobe, and a snack. Planted in the garden, it will deter the cabbage moth and moth.
cookery
Of the many varieties of fragrant sage in cooking is most commonly used medicinal sage. He makes a rather pungent odor and has a spicy, slightly camphor taste, worse after drying.
Sage goes well with flour products, fatty foods (such as duck and pork), poultry, meat, beans, eggplant, tomato sauce, and casseroles soups. It can be added to ready-made stuffing and Italian mixture of dry herbs. As a seasoning used and sometimes strongly frozen fresh sage leaves.
Salvia is best in small quantities to add to dishes that require long cooking. Sage is especially popular in Italian cuisine;
in France it is used less frequently. In the Middle East it is added to salads. Sage tea - a drink in many European countries. On the east coast of the Adriatic, where the sage growing in the wild, from its flowers are boiled honey.
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