By pruning currants resort to a fruit bush developed properly. If you familiarize yourself with the main purpose of such agricultural practices and hold them regularly, you can be content rich annual harvest.
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bush cutting goals
From pruning, it is necessary to recognize the need for this procedure. trimming technique can all be different depending on the tasks.
Pruning currants need to:
- form a bush;
- bush rid of damaged and diseased branches;
- rejuvenate old bush;
- create favorable conditions for the growth of each branch.
Home forming shrub should be carried out in the first years of planting currant. If you cut it at the initial stage of "life", it will be right to develop and grow. Sanitary pruning involves removal of branches damaged by pests and infections. Such manipulations are helping improve the bush and increase yields.
Rejuvenation pruning - a procedure that is carried out to keep the adult plant and improve its productivity. If she committed wrong, it can result in various diseases, one-sided development of the bush, and a small crop.
terms
Since landing, during the first year identified a number of periods of pruning a bush. The procedure can be performed at any time of year, whether it's spring, summer, autumn or winter. The timing depends on the period of vegetative growth of bushes.
Do I need to cut the spring?
With the arrival of early spring currant bushes are dormant. The vegetation period has been reinforced sap flow from the roots to the leaves is not happening. It is now considered the most appropriate for trimming. Choose the period for carrying out such work is necessary, depending on weather conditions. Put off the work in the spring should be only after the weather stabilizes and then comes the warming. It is also important to focus on weather forecasts. If you promise to freezing temperatures, it is necessary to postpone the procedure.
Spring gardener is limited in time to carry out such work. Since the beginning of bud burst, this period comes to an end. If you do not take this into account, the consequences will be as follows:
- sections will actively secrete a fluid that can hinder rapid healing of wounds.
- increase your risk of getting infections of fungal and bacterial origin;
- bush begins to expend energy to fight against various diseases, instead start to build up the leaf mass and fruit forming inflorescences.
In springtime allowed to carry out any kind of crop. Restriction depends on a variety of climatic conditions. With the yield can be improved by using a spring crop in this season and set the stage for the following year. Make sanitary pruning can be under any climatic conditions. The procedure involves cutting of damaged and cracked branches. It should also partial removal of the shoots that were damaged at subzero temperatures, sunlight, different diseases. Forming and renewal pruning can be carried out exclusively in the north at this time of year. In other climates, these actions should be postponed to the autumn.
In the spring crop has several advantages:
- bush forces are directed to more promising branches, improving productivity, the berries become larger.
- lighting is evenly distributed on the vegetative mass, carried out simultaneous ripening at all branches.
- prevention of disease occurs bush;
- It activates the growth of shoots that will bear fruit in the next year.
Can I prune branches in the summer?
In the first month of summer, when the spring was late and did not enjoy the warming, you can proceed to the sanitary pruning fruit-bearing bush. During this period, are clearly visible all the branches that are damaged.
In the spring, when the buds are still in the sleep mode is not always possible to know which managed to escape the winter to winter, and what not. In the summer you want to remove shoots that have dried up, do grafting green growths. On the branches that were left without tops, will develop side shoots.
By means of pinching can increase the number of buds. This technique is appropriate for black currants, but for the red and white it is usually not used.
Some gardeners in the summer is carried out thinning and forming bushes. Such procedures plan applied after the entire crop will be harvested in late summer.
Cutting bush after the crop is harvested:
- elimination of branches over the age of 5 years;
- pruning damaged and underdeveloped shoots;
- the elimination of the sick and brittle branches.
Summer task to get rid of dried currant shoots and spend a pinched the green gain. These manipulations are estimated ambiguously. The advantage is that the illumination is getting better and fruiting branches are able to be ventilated. Formed a place to grow new shoots. Thus the new growth will be protected from destruction by pests and infections. However, it is worth considering that the bush is subjected to load. Pruning activates the emergence of young shoots. Currants in turn consumes all forces on the maturation of the wood and prepare for winter. juice movement has been active, but the wounds can remain wet for a long time, which will create favorable conditions for the penetration infections.
Shoots actively grow back at this time, do not have time to ripen before the cold weather. In winter their damage will be difficult to prevent.
Cutting the fall for what is needed?
In the autumn pruning is carried out after the currant will throw all the foliage.
The plant begins to prepare for the winter, the movement of juices will is not so active. If the cut could be seen drops of juice, it is said that in the autumn crop is not worth it. Finish the work needed for 14-20 days before the cold weather. During this period, all the wounds can heal. In areas where the harsh climate prevails, shrubs recommend pruning in the spring. If you do it in the autumn, frosts will damage: the ends of the branches freeze slightly, in the spring they will have to eliminate.
The advantages of the autumn crop could be considered:
- a longer period of production operations;
- preparation plant for the winter period;
- help young shoots in nutrition and active development;
- stimulus to the next occurrence of a vast number of substituent spring shoots;
- deliverance bushes against diseases and pests;
- creation of favorable conditions for quality of fruiting in the future year.
In autumn in the central regions of wire forms and rejuvenating pruning. At the same time cut off the branches, which were damaged during the manipulation of the bushes in the summer.
in winter
Sometimes the owners of summer cottages to spend winter pruning from November to mid-February. Such actions are permissible if there is access to the territory in any season. Slices make the frozen branches. At this point, the bush is not susceptible of infection and pests. The main thing that he was strong and healthy.
Give a definite answer to the question of when it is best to do smorodiny- pruning in spring or autumn, it is impossible. Compared with gooseberries, buds which bloom earlier and complicate the spring crop, currant vegetation process starts later. If you do not have access to the site until it is covered with snow, a clipping with a gooseberry bush have to be carried out in the autumn. Crop currants can be at any time of the year.
To carry out pruning currants should be annually. The main work is best done in autumn. Spring only need to spend a sanitary pruning, through which will be able to fix all the negative aspects that have arisen during the period of hibernation. Trim currant bush is necessary every year (fall and winter).
Technology and circuit
Depending on the purpose and type of currant bush, used different techniques pruning currants.
Why carry out circumcision before planting? Before you cut the currants before planting, it is necessary to know all the details of the formation of seedlings.
Black currant
At the annual currant bush has 2-4 branching. At planting time every twig need to cut enough: to escape is allowed to leave two or three buds. It is best to cut the branches on the external kidney. So, next year will be able to form a bush.
When the plant is 2-3 years, the bush form up to 7 branches. In this case you need to leave half of those who in the future will actively fruit. To cause branching, the top remaining shoots must be cut into several buds. By the fourth year of life bush will be fully formed. Next to it was able to save the form, it will need maintenance pruning.
Red and white
After planting, bush white and red currant, in the first year should be left to each shoot 3-4 buds. This will increase the number of increments in the next season.
From the second year of life, you need to leave 3-4 strong branches, and the rest removed. It is important to be sure to see to it that the branches were evenly distributed with respect to each other. Further it is necessary to carry out pruning, so that it turned out in the bush for 2-3 branches each age.
To carry out such manipulations seedling before planting is necessary, taking into account the age of the plant. Trim the red currants and Belo need another way: this is due to the peculiarities of formation of clusters.
When do the rejuvenation of old shrubs
It should be noted that in anti-aging treatments blackcurrant needed after 5 years of life, and the red and white after 8. Carrying out works best to postpone the fall. If timely care for the bush and engaged in its renewal, it will bear fruit for decades and delight a great harvest.
Rejuvenation pruning involves getting rid of the old branches, as well as stimulation of a bookmark of flower buds.
Trimming can be carried currant four ways: on the ring at the kidney, and to transfer nipping. Pruning to ring true to conduct a complete removal of branches. If it is a rejuvenation procedure in such a way, then cut out the old thick branches.
Large wounds of such manipulation is necessary to process drugs with antimicrobial effect and apply them over the garden pitch. With trim on the kidney can not only do shorter escape, but also to monitor the development of the branch. This method is used for the partial pruning. If we make a crop on the kidney, which faces the center of the bush, you can give it thickness. The cut on the outer kidney, shoots will form on the central portion. With the second method will be improved access of light to each kidney and bush is ventilated.
To resort to anti-aging procedures to blackcurrant need from the fifth year of growth, red and white from the eighth. Pintsirovka activates growth of new shoots, monitors the quality of the harvest.
The main reception of anti-aging treatments for the red and black currant - a trimming bushes with transfer to a strong branching. This is necessary in the old, but still fruitful branches. Such a method is also relevant, if at the branch noticeable damage.
It is necessary to find the side strains with good potential to fruit. Branch after branching eliminate completely. The method is also suitable for partial bush rejuvenation.
If currant bush running, do renewal pruning at one time does not make sense. The loss of a significant percentage of the vegetative mass of old bush can not survive.
Large branches, which do not give a rich harvest, you need to cut gradually, at intervals of one year.
Unusual ways to trim
Just for novice gardeners
This method does not imply any particular knowledge in determining the age of the branches. Any branch whose growth after the end of the season has not reached 15 cm, must be removed.
If the bush is quite thick, with this method it is necessary to remove the extra annual branches. Michurinskaya for a good harvest
Most gardeners prefer pruning on a "Michurin". This method is most popular, when the berries are grown for sale. In other words, it is necessary to have recourse, if the black currant is grown on huge plantations.
Technology:
All the bushes and fruit without manipulation associated with pruning, during the first five years;
- half shrubs in planting at the age of 5-6 years, cut the roots and well feed.
- one year left 20 shoots, the rest removed.
- A year later the process is carried out again with the remaining 5% bushes.
- after cutting the bushes dug entirely in 2-3 years to make room for young plants.
Such intensive cultivation scheme allows you to get a third more of the crop.
Stam forms: how to form currants on fashion?
Those who are interested in garden design, often translate into reality the ideas associated with the formation of fruit bushes. This also applies to currants bushes.
To create stam bush does not fit all varieties of currants. The main criterion in the selection of type of shrubs is minimal formation of shoots from the bottom of the bush.
The technology of creating trunk stages:
- since landing shtamb formed, trimmed side threads located at a height of 20-40 cm from the ground;
- the central escape left a few apical buds;
- When Crohn develops small tree formed summer pinched;
- In the first year grafted shoots, leaving two or three of the lower buds; in the second year you need to cut the portion of each line, which is more than 10 cm;
- in the future annually pruned branches at a distance of 20 cm from the trunk;
- shtamb purified.
Lifespan currant bush in such a form is 12-15 years. Bush looks quite impressive, especially if carried out forming a red currant. Thus, we can ensure that the berries brush were longer. How to make an autumn trimming
To get a successful crop, it is advisable to carry out the work in a certain sequence. autumn pruning scheme assumes two blocks. The first and third are used for all sorts of currants. Second varies depending on the type of shrub.
Step One: sanitary
Before crop currant bush, you need to clean it:
- Purification of broken and dead branches;
- cut shoots, wood which has not had time to mature (if these shoots to leave, they will die in the winter under the influence of sub-zero temperatures);
- cut all the shoots are deformed;
- remove threads that are interwoven or rising to the central part of the bush;
- destroying diseased threads: shoots, which are damaged or pest infection, burn;
- if one of the branches grew away from the center or pressed to the ground, it can also be removed.
Need to clean currant bush: to remove the broken and dead branches, cut the deformed shoots, destroy diseased branches
Step Two: rejuvenating
blackberry
After the cleaning is completed, proceed to the removal of the old branches of black currants. When osuschestvlyatesya crop, we must remember that the biggest harvest can be expected from the shoots at the age of 2-3 years, the basic amount of berries formed on the kidneys, which are located in the center.
Considering this:
- on black currants need to cut branches that are older than 5 years;
- if the shrub is well formed and it has more than 8 two-year shoots, you can start trimming the branches, which is more than 3 years;
- third of the length is cut at one-year shoots.
- getting rid of the old branches leads to the active development of fruiting.
Partial cutting promotes branching and increase the number of buds blossoming season in the future. In places where there are extremes of temperature, partial pruning should be postponed until spring, because it increases the risk of frostbite tops. Red and white
Red and white currant differs sufficiently long period of fruiting. When shrub reaches 5 years of age, the branches provide a rich harvest. Flower buds are formed in large quantities on the tops of shrubs varieties.
Taking this into account it is necessary:
- cut off at ground level branches, which are more than 8 years;
- left to right formed a bush up to 12 shoots;
- remove the top, provided that there is damage.
Step Three: supporting
If the hive is too run at the end can be carried out pruning unnecessary branches. If clarification of the bush, it is necessary to remove the excess branches from the central part.
When there is a sufficient number of fruit-bearing branches, the shoots have grown up in the current year, should be cut.
How to look after
It should be borne in mind that at the time of pruning currant bush subject to stress. This is especially true for adults bushes, which can not boast of an active regeneration process. After these manipulations need to provide fertilizer plant.
Depending on what time of pruning is done, the bushes are in need of certain nutrients. If pruning done in spring, the bushes need to fertilize a complex mineral additive, in which the presence of phosphorus and potassium.
The amount of nitrogen in the feeding spring is increased. Experienced gardeners prepare their own fertilizers using potassium chloride, ammophoska urea. In autumn the bush does not need a large amount of nitrogen. For full ripening it needs sufficient phosphorus and potassium.
In addition to minerals, organic bush need. Most needs it feels black currant.
If manure is used, it is important for it to be rotted. To the use of bio-fertilizers to be effective, they must not simply be placed in the root portion and seal the soil. When manure is decomposed, it starts to allocate a large volume of nitrogen, so they should be introduced in the spring. If you choose the right fertilizer, wounds that appeared when pruning will heal much faster.
Correct pruning involves understanding the nature of the plant and assist in the development. If you hold all right, it will ensure a rich harvest
This and many other materials can be found on ourwebsite.
Please put the Huskies and subscribe to the channel "About Fazenda". This will enable us to publish more interesting garden articles.