To cope with the cultivation of eggplant under the force of every summer resident. This vegetable crop quite choosy and is especially feels warm. Even if you have not previously received collect eggplant crop, do not despair. Only need to learn the specifics of their cultivation, to comply with all the rules and to give preference to early-maturing varieties that are less whimsical.
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What is the key to success in the cultivation of eggplant?
Specifics of growing eggplant as close as possible to the one that is right for tomatoes and peppers. However, the former are more in need of warm, abundant and regular watering and light. To collect a bountiful harvest, it is necessary to think in advance a place for planting. It should take into account some special features:
- If the culture is experiencing a lack of lighting, it will affect the yield, but also affect the rate of growth of shrubs and fruit. The same effects threaten at deficiency of moisture.
- When the temperature is lowered, many varieties no longer form ovaries and even discarded already appeared fruits and flower buds.
- To ensure favorable conditions of the vegetable cultures is required temperature regime - 25-28 ° C. If the street is hot, unlike their counterparts, excellent eggplants her suffer.
Catching up on growing eggplant, we should not forget about the rules of crop rotation. It is unacceptable that in the place where they will be seeded, previously grown potatoes, tomatoes, peppers.
To prevent the development of disease and attack by pests, not recommended to place the bed of eggplant next to related crops.
Preparation for sowing
During the growing season eggplant - 85-140 days. But with regard to climatic conditions, in a number of regions, they are not favorable for this type of nightshade. Therefore, it is advisable to grow them through seedlings.
Before to sow, you need to start preparing the soil, which must be well retain moisture. The composition of the soil should be included:
- 2 parts humus;
- 1 part peat moor;
- ½ part aged sawdust. The latter can be replaced with sand.
Such a composition of the soil - one of the guarantees of quality crop.
It is not recommended to plant seedlings in:
- fresh organic fertilizers, which may damage fragile root system;
- Fresh sawdust, increase performance, and saturating the soil acidity gum. It is important to wait until they darken. You can also wash them several times with boiling water;
- untreated potassium permanganate garden soil and humus, which may be present in pathogens and larvae of pests.
Enrich soil nutrients can be achieved by adding thereto wood ash, dolomite, fertilizers. These means are taken at the rate of 100-150 g per 10 kg of finished soil.
The quality of the crop depends on the preparation of planting material. Therefore, the seeds first to be sorted, and then pour them into half hour 1-% solution of potassium permanganate. Such treatment would be an excellent prevention against diseases and pests.
After soaking seeds poured boric acid, growth stimulants, infusion manure or wood ashes and leave them for 4-5 hours. This procedure will speed up germination and help seedlings get stronger plan.
Sowing and cultivation of eggplant seedlings
Pre-soaking of seeds and sowing them to a depth of 1.5-2 cm - the key to fast sprouting. Watch them already possible in 4-5 days. To do this, they need to be wrapped in a damp cloth and leave it for 4-5 days.
Before sowing, the soil should be sure to moisten. Then future seedlings should cover film. The temperature should reach 20-25 ° C.
To enhance the growth of the root system of seedlings in the remaining 5-6 days cultivation of this vegetable culture should be carried out in the cooler conditions. The optimum temperature is 18 ° C.
If the temperature parameter is less than 13 ° C, the fruits begin to turn yellow, it is possible development blackleg. These effects are also possible in draft.
Due to the fact that the seedlings will emerge in the dark time of year, you need to think about lighting, which will extend the daylight hours to 12-14 hours. This makes it possible to influence the rate of development of the seedlings and prevent it from stretching. As soon as the real leaves appear plants, it is necessary to do their dive. Eggplant rolled over with a clod of earth in order to protect the weakened root system of seedlings.
The first watering seedlings spend a few days after sowing. Water should not be lower than 25-30 ° C. Before using it is necessary to defend. For the following irrigation should also take warm water. First, the procedure carried out 1 time in two days, and then as you grow, 1 in every 5 days.
During watering seedlings and already developing plants planted in the ground, it is important to not affect the leaves. Waterlogged soil can lead to the development of the disease, in the worst case of their death.
The soil in which the seedling is planted, it is necessary to make fertilizer. The first time it is necessary to energize the mineral fertilizers. Such manipulations are allowed 1-2 weeks after sowing. In the future, you need to fertilize vegetable crops 1 every 2 weeks. This time will have to use a mixture of potassium and phosphorus.
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Features farming techniques for growing eggplants
If we stick to all the seedling cultivation rules, before planting it in the ground, it will have a height of 20 cm, as well as the strong roots and stems.
The plants were able to survive the transplant, you need to prepare for them loose fertile soil, as well as carry out its decontamination. All these manipulations is recommended to do in the fall.
Disinfection is performed by means of copper sulphate, calculated 1-2 spoons means on the bucket of water. After this, the soil dug up.
In the spring of heavy soil dug up and re-introduce them in sawdust or sand. Sandy soils are subject exclusively loosening.
Per meter square section of the bucket is brought 0.75 rotted manure, dolomite, 5 kg of low-moor peat. The dosage of these funds can be changed - it all depends on the type of soil on the plot. To feed the soil suitable premixed fertilizers.
Planting eggplant carried in grooves the depth of which is equal to 10-15 cm. These actions are only allowed after soil warms up to 15 ° C. Mature plants are immodest size, so you should withstand the range up to 60 cm between the grooves. For the moisture retention in the soil after transplanting ground mulch, and the plant itself is covered with a nonwoven material. These measures will protect sprouts from temperature extremes and burning sunlight. And to the soil is not lost moisture, after transplanting soil mulching, and plants nonwoven cover material which will prevent germs from temperature fluctuations and the scorching sun. If you do not resort to such measures, eggplants begin to turn yellow, delayed the process of acclimatization, they become vulnerable to diseases and insects.
Eggplant prefer well moistened soil (to a depth of 20 cm). they do not take cold water. Seedlings and adult plants to be watered with water of at least 20 ° C. Help retain moisture the surface loosening, which is recommended after watering.
If the eggplant are grown in a greenhouse or a greenhouse, you need to monitor the performance of air humidity. When it exceeds the permissible limits, it entails the appearance of rot and other diseases. Moreover, pollen loses its quality, so looking forward to a high quality crop meaningless. To keep moisture in the rate needed to equip a good ventilation. Its presence also eliminate yellowing of vegetables, abscission of flowers and ovaries at a temperature above 35-45 ° C.
During the growing season vegetable crops needed to feed at least 3-5 times. The exact amount depends on the needs and condition of the plants.
Before fruiting important to ensure feeding culture complex mineral fertilizers. When will the fruit formation stage, preference should be given to phosphorus and nitrogen compounds. Excessive use of organic strictly not recommended, otherwise the yield will lean. Fertilize the soil in this case can be potassium fertilizers. Thus it is able to activate the process of formation of buds and ovaries.
In protracted cold weather it is recommended to resort to foliar feeding that provides saturation of eggplant important micronutrients.
Positive impact on the growth of eggplant has not only irrigation and supply of fertilizers. Great importance to play the correct Forming bush. In some cases, gelled more damage to crops than the moisture deficit.
With the elimination of excess foliage and shoots without ovaries can:
- prevent the development of diseases of eggplant and its defeat pests;
- to increase the coverage of the inside of the bush;
- ensure full recharge themselves fruits.
Diseases of eggplant
If you stick to the rules of cultivation of eggplant, you can significantly reduce the risk of serious diseases. However, they are not even literate watering and fertilizing a guarantee that the yield received generous.
Great damage to vegetable crops that cause viral diseases and fungal infectious character that most often affect the plant in a cool time.
For a black spot is characteristic of bacterial origin. She begins to develop actively humidity at high rates and high temperatures during the day. Recognize this disease can be by the following features: along the veins of the leaves, on the edge, on the fruit stems, and cuttings of dark spots are formed. Over time, the disease attacks the fruits.
In the southern regions of the culture is exposed to the virus mosaic, in which the leaves are changing shape and color. With the development of sheet metal plates to form dark and light green areas. As a result, the plant turn yellow, the leaves change shape, the number of ovaries decreases.
Viral inner necrosis develops also in humid conditions. Its presence signals areas of dead tissue, having a brown color (on the fruit).
To protect against disease eggplant, it is necessary to adhere to the following guidelines:
- collect seeds exclusively from healthy and ripened fruit;
- conduct preliminary decontamination planting material;
- treating soil disinfectants;
- preference seedlings with no signs of disease;
- defoliate rainfall in the beds;
- to comply with crop rotation;
- not to deviate from the rules of farming.
Treat the plants, which have already faced with a disease must be in compliance with the safety precautions. To combat illnesses used means of chemical and biological warfare. It is also necessary to carry out foliar fertilizer that will enhance the stability of culture. All garden tools necessarily to be decontaminated.
Diseases of eggplant with eating disorders
Often, gardeners are faced with a problem when the eggplants turn yellow, do not bear fruit and die for no apparent reason. It is possible that the reason for this phenomenon lies in the imbalance of the mineral composition of the soil, an excess or lack of nutrients.
Nitrogen has been actively involved in the growth of the bush. His lack of a negative impact on the size and appearance of plants and shoots. They are greatly reduced in size and fade. The fruits grow deformed, perhaps their subsidence. Oversupply of this material fosters active growth of green mass and suppression of occurrence of fruits. Moreover, it can accumulate in them, which makes a lot of harm to humans when consuming them in food.
On the evidence of phosphorus deficiency abscission of foliage and its purple color. Lack of potassium is most dangerous in the period of active fruiting. About the lack of this element tells yellow foliage, drying soil the edges and spots on the fruit themselves. The most acute need for potassium plants, cultivation of which is carried out in acidic soils and in times of drought.
Recognize the deficiency of magnesium and manganese can be the leaves of vegetable crops: they are noticeably yellow and actively falling. If the time to pay attention to it and make fertilizer, the situation could be remedied.
Negative impact on the development of the eggplant has a lack of calcium in the soil and forest. With their lack of vegetable will look weak. In this case, an urgent need to make the soil fertilizer.
Growing eggplant on his country - not an easy process. If you comply with all the recommendations and scrupulous approach to this problem, we can settle for a bountiful harvest "little blue", of which prepares many different dishes
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