To have your apple trees have pleased a bountiful harvest, they need to be sure to provide all conditions for wintering. In defense need all the fruit trees, regardless of their age. In winter, the trees can not stand in front of such negative factors such as freezing temperatures, icy rain, heavy snow, thaw and provocative recurrent cold. If you spend the fall of complex procedures, you will help the trees survive the unfavorable period for them.
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First of all you need to collect a late harvest, remove litter, tree trunks to dig site to make fertilizer, to eliminate lichens, dry twigs. In addition, it is necessary to process the trees against pests and diseases, and seal the hollow insulate plants. Now consider all of these activities in detail.
Scavenging and digging around-trunk circle apple
At the initial stage of preparation of trees for the winter you have to collect the garbage, leaves and tree trunks dug strip. In autumn apple actively shed their leaves, so it is a must to collect. The fact that the litter can be a breeding ground for infections or a place where pests have taken root. Should I leave this leaves near the tree? Of course, it must be destroyed. This can be done by burning. Get ashes any case do not throw any, because it is considered a source of potassium and other important trace elements.
Collect fallen branches and rotten fruit in the trash. If the branch is too large, burn it to produce wood ash.
Once you're done cleaning around-trunk circle, took his digging. Keep a shovel not across and along the roots. Do not bury it in the ground more than 15 cm. After digging leave earth loosened. Thus you will be able to destroy the pests that have accumulated in tree trunks.
fertilizing apple trees
After the apple will give a bountiful harvest, do not leave them unattended. Otplodonosivshie trees need fertilizing. For apple ideal organic fertilizer in the form of manure or compost. On one tree, whose age is not more than 5 years, need 5-6 kg. Adult plants have this number to double.
Evenly distribute the fertilizer in tree trunks. Experienced gardeners recommend superphosphate fertilizer complement (20-25 g) and potassium sulfate (15-20 g). This rule is for young trees. For those that are older than 5 years, it must be doubled.
Make replenishment necessary to dry. In the spring, when the snow begins to descend, the fertilizer will be easier to get to the root zone and be absorbed by the plant.
Important! Unacceptable to use in autumn fertilizer in which nitrogen is present. This element is able to stimulate the growth of the aerial parts, which entails winterkilling shoots and death in winter.
Fertilize advisable when the upper layer of earth digging. If you want to feed the plants before, and dig the soil later, just sprinkle them on the surface and leveled using a rake.
If after you close up the manure is dry weather, you can water the trees. For one young plants need 10 liters of water, for those that are older is taken twice.
Vlagozaryadkovy watering apple
Sowing irrigation will help to solve the problem of drought in the autumn. The treatment stimulates the growth of additional intake of the root system, whereby tree vegetative mass wholly saturated with moisture. It also does not give ground quickly be frozen and eliminate the negative reaction to the provocative thaw.
As a rule, one apple tree takes about 10 buckets of water. If the old tree, this number will have doubled. Land should fully absorb the water, so watering can be carried out over several days.
Watering "by eye" is not recommended. If you have not installed water meters, you can pinpoint on a timer, how long it takes to fill the bucket. In the future you will be able to rely solely on time.
If the apple tree grows on clay soil, it is important not to overdo it with watering, otherwise increase the risk of root rot. During worth taking heed also the weather conditions: if you frequently heavy rains, the amount of water can be reduced by a third. Slight precipitation does not play a role, because they are not able to moisten the soil to the desired depth.
As for sandy soils, for them it is advisable to select the irrigation by sprinkling. Such a method removes them blur and exposure of roots.
mulching apple
When the work associated with irrigation, are completed, you can take on mulching. For apple trees as mulch can take any material suitable even plywood sheets.
Important! The protective cover must be removed after the snow begins to melt. This will allow the soil to warm up faster.
It is necessary that a layer of mulch was secured in the tree trunks and is not spread on the territory of the villa in windy conditions.
Removal of moss, lichen, bark treatment, sealing hollows
Experienced gardeners often have to deal with moss and lichens, which cover the apple. Often, their number increases if the summer was cold and damp. Growths interfere with the normal functioning of the plant, causing it experiences lack of oxygen and begins to dry.
To combat moss and lichen needed after the tree is fully 90% will lose leaves. To eliminate them can be used or a metal scraper means in the form of ferrous sulfate.
Dissolve in 10 L of water 250 g. Get the staff treat the trunk and branches, on which there is moss and lichens. Do not be afraid to spill liquid on the ground - it will not be affected. Within a week all growths begin to die off. Your task - to carry out the cleaning using a brush with metal bristles. Spread around a tree wrap or fabric, which are crumbling remnants of moss and lichen. All the garbage you need to move off-site, because it can be a breeding ground for infections.
Purification of wood, run processing trunk copper sulfate solution (300 powder per 10 liters of water). Then you need to start sealing of hollows. First, clean them from dirt and fill in the usual plaster. Note that after a while the place that you are "sealed up" again can remain open, so from time to time check the trees.
Autumn pruning apple trees
In autumn apple tree needs a sanitary pruning. The principle of this procedure is to remove dry and damaged shoots. Liquidation shall be those that grow deep into the crown and thickening plant. Cut them to the ring and seal the fresh cut garden pitch or special paint. Such activities are recommended in a dry sunny day.
Whitewashing the trunks of apple trees
Apply mortar on the trunks of apple trees advisable after it is finished the rainy season. With the help of whitewash can protect the plant against sunburn, pests, fungal infections, cracking crust.
To use slaked lime whitewash or paint the garden. Apply the product to the first skeletal branches. Start solution was applied and gradually move from the bottom upwards. If will fall precipitation, the procedure will have to be repeated.
Harvesting
If your apple tree generously reward you with delicious fruit, start collecting them. It is advisable not to wait until they mature fully - picking them slightly underripe. Thus you will be able to feast on succulent fruits throughout the winter. Harvest rubber gloves - this will exclude mechanical damage their nails. Fold the apples in a bucket of plastic. In no case do not throw them.
The fruit is not broken, and the crank clockwise, so that they frustrated with the stem. It will also help them to be stored for a long period. Immediately iterate through harvest. Copies damaged use for culinary purposes, send the whole of the deposit.
When the harvest is completed, remove from the territory of the garden fruit drop. If on top of the tree adorn unpicked fruit, remove them using plodosbornik. Do not put these apples in storage, as they can be a breeding ground for infection.
Caring for the old apple tree
If your apple trees no longer young, they need a more gentle care. Autumn - the ideal time for conducting anti-aging treatments. Initially you will have to perform all the activities, which we have mentioned above. Then, under the branches of trees, which are strongly rejected by the shoots, you can put the backup. Rest assured that next year branches "support" thank you enough good harvest.
If trees have tops - vertically growing shoots thick, most of them need to cut on the ring. Places slices treat garden pitch. The remaining shoots bend and try to give them a horizontal position. Secure them with a wooden peg and gums. The next year, they will actively fruit.
If you intend to carry out pruning of old wood, do it gradually. Decimates the plant within 3-4 years, otherwise you risk to ruin him. In the first year, remove the ring on the dry damaged and unhealthy branches, and those shoots that do not bear fruit. The following year, SPIL shoots, thickening crown. In the third year you need subordinated to the central conductor of the side shoots to form the three tiers of the crown.
With the purpose of prevention can be treated with pesticides is not a young tree. This should be done after the entire crop has been harvested. It is also necessary to make fertilizer (15-20 g of potassium sulfate and 10-15 g of superphosphate). Use a fertilizer containing nitrogen is strictly prohibited. In the circle around-trunk can sprinkle a few handfuls of wood ash. Pay attention to recharge irrigation.
Warming apple and protection
The protective shelter and warming mainly need saplings. Place the mold in a near-wellbore zone (layer 3-4 cm). To protect the plant from rodents, wrap the trunk of the grid to the first branches. All the apple trees that grow in your garden, regardless of their age, remove nevyzrevshie shoots. As soon as the first snow falls, the trees can be placed near the poisoned bait.
Holite and cherish their apple trees, and they will bestow you with delicious juicy fruits.
This and many other materials can be found on our website.
Please put the Huskies and subscribe to the channel "About Fazenda". This will enable us to publish more interesting garden articles.