The construction of a winter greenhouse will allow you to extend the growing season for a long time. The structure will solve the problem of the location of the beds in an area with any climate. For better weather resistance, it is recommended to build a winter greenhouse using special technologies.
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Varieties
Agriculture is developed and put on stream in Canada. This country does not hide from its neighbors innovative designs that have been designed by its inhabitants:
- Greenhouse with passive solar heating. The idea is to insulate the rear wall and roof, the side walls are bare. Inside, in addition to fittings, a complex of heating and lighting systems is installed, which make it possible to get rid of dependence on weather conditions. The glass windows that were originally planned to be used were removed to keep warm. Solar panels are installed on the roof to save energy.
The structure is not only a transparent box. Additionally, a concrete wall and floor have been built, which collect heat from daylight and transfer it inside:
- Permaculture greenhouse. Invention of two constructors from Verge Permaculture. The main feature of the building is to provide thermal insulation using foam. The developers abandoned water as the main insulation - the liquid can freeze and bring harm instead of benefit. This role in this modification is transferred to stones, concrete or clay with straw. Elements conduct heat four times worse than water, but they will show themselves more reliably in winter, without changing the structure from low temperatures.
One glazed wall, in which it is recommended to install ventilation windows with an area of no more than 30% of the total surface:
- The greenhouse of the future. This option combines the principles of earthship, hydroponics and passive solar energy harvesting. The only source of heat is sunlight, but it is enough to grow plants and living things in an aquarium.
- Northern greenhouse. It includes many automated processes that promote the development of plants in the northern regions:
- watering;
- window management;
- regulation of lighting;
- temperature control of the beds;
- restoration of battery charge;
- heating with a Stirling engine.
The building is covered with 25 mm thick polycarbonate panels. By controlling the movement of air by fans, uniform heat circulation is ensured:
- Underground greenhouse. It is a rectangular pit covered with white acacia beams and glass. Additional insulation is provided by straw bales. Diving into the ground contributes to efficiency.
Common features of greenhouses
Above were presented technical solutions for greenhouses, differing conceptually and in terms of heat preservation. But there are common features.
In any building for plants, even the most sophisticated, windows are needed. Rare plants will be ready to grow without the influence of sunlight. Of course, you can install incandescent lamps inside, but this will require extra costs, artificial light will still not be able to replace the energy from the luminary. The minimum amount of sunlight that must be passed is 70%.
The summer greenhouse is equipped with transparent walls along the entire perimeter. This solution is not suitable for a winter design due to the low temperature at night. In the demonstrated solutions, one wall and part of the ceiling remain transparent, the rest of the greenhouse is insulated. Insulation methods depend on the financial capabilities and imagination of the builder. The easiest option is to attach the greenhouse to your home. Examples of other options include foam, polycarbonate, or fabric.
For summer and springtime, ventilation must be provided - too high a temperature also harms plants. This can be done using vents.
The most comfortable thermal materials are water, straw and stone. The former is flexible and heats up quickly, but can freeze. The latter conduct heat worse, but do not change their structures in winter. Warm air can be moved using internal combustion engines, fans or pipes.
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