In order to increase the yield of the vine, gardeners perform pruning work. At the same time, it is not easy for beginners to figure out how to properly prune grapes, so they turn to experienced colleagues for help.
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Spring procedure
In choosing the timing of pruning, growers are guided by different principles. Someone argues that it is better to cut in early spring to stimulate abundant fruiting. And someone adheres to the opposite position, claiming that any intervention in early spring will lead to the death of culture. The cut plant will begin to “cry”, flooding its eyes with sap. However, this problem can be easily eliminated by making slices away from the peephole.
Opponents of autumn pruning draw the following conclusions: while dormant, the vine transfers nutrients to the root system. And the impact of a sharp tool will lead to a weakening of the culture before wintering.
If it is planned to shelter the grapes for the winter, it is allowed to postpone the pruning work to a later date and carry it out 2-3 weeks after the foliage falls. In the absence of shelter, the vine is pruned in the spring before budding.
To avoid mistakes, you should study the scheme and rules of the procedure. It is important for a novice gardener to consider the following recommendations:
- Pruning tools must be sharp and decontaminated.
- Shoots are cut away from the peephole.
- The fruit arrow is fixed above the replacement knot.
- All slices are best done on one side.
Regardless of the method of formation, it is necessary to get rid of damaged and diseased branches. In addition, fattening shoots, the thickness of which is more than 12 mm, as well as thin ones with a diameter of up to 5 mm, are subjected to cutting. When performing a haircut, do not make the shoots excessively long. They should have no more than 10-15 eyes.
Procedure in summer and autumn
Pruning grapes in summer comes down to several stages. First of all, you need to remove the stepchildren, which are second-order shoots that emerge from summer buds in the axils of the foliage during the growing season. These branches consume a lot of nutrients and contribute to the shading of the bush. Therefore, professional growers give the shoot time to gain green mass, and then cut the leaves on the stepsons.
The removed parts must be moved away from the vine, as they can provoke the development of dangerous diseases.
If the work is done in August, minting should be done, which aims to redirect nutrients for the ripening of the bunches. If the "crowns" of the shoots begin to bloom, the vines will stop growing. Therefore, the tops of the shoots need to be broken off by 15-20 cm.
Minting should not be carried out on diseased or damaged bushes, as well as in areas with high groundwater levels. In dry weather, the procedure is contraindicated.
In addition, the bushes need thinning. After the end of the flowering period, you need to get rid of 5-10 leaves from the bottom of the shoots.
Autumn pruning of grapes is performed in 1-2 weeks from the moment of harvest, so that the vine has time to recuperate. If there is a large amount of foliage left on the plant, you will need to simulate leaf fall for easy cutting.
General tips for the procedure are as follows:
- The vine must be trimmed to live wood, which is characterized by a light green color.
- In the process of cutting, it is worth leaving 1-2 cm of shoots above the living bud.
The first 2-3 eyes from the base are often infertile. Therefore, in order to calculate the number of buds to be left, the average weight of the bunches should be determined:
- More than 0.5 kg - a small number of eyes are allowed.
- Up to 500 g - you need to leave a lot of buds.
Compliance with simple recommendations will increase the yield of the vine and protect it from negative influences.
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