To grow a good grape harvest, you must first decide on its variety and choose the right planting site. After solving these problems, growing grapes will take less time and effort.
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Seedling selection and preparation
When choosing a variety, one should take into account in what climatic conditions the grapes will grow. A healthy seedling should have a strong and well-developed root system.
When choosing grapes, one should pay attention to the following characteristics of the plant:
- frost resistance;
- yield;
- drought resistance;
- sizes, color of berries and their taste.
It is preferable to plant grapes in spring, so that it has time to get stronger by winter. After purchasing the seedlings, it is recommended to temper them so that they take root well and do not get sick. Planting material should be taken out into fresh air every day for 10-14 days, starting from 15-20 minutes and gradually adding time. Immediately before planting, the seedlings are left outside for 3 days.
In preparation for planting, the seedlings are shortened at an angle with garden shears by 1.5 cm to activate the plant for growth.
For disinfection, the planting material is placed in a slightly pink solution of potassium permanganate for 20 minutes, and then immersed in a solution of a growth stimulator, for example, Epina, for 2 days.
Site preparation and landing
For the grapes on the site, a well-lit and wind-protected place is chosen. Dig holes with a depth of at least 50 cm, at the bottom of which a layer of drainage from expanded clay or fine gravel is poured. Branches are laid on top of the drainage, and on them a heap of soil, 1 part of which is mixed with 1 part of manure, 1 glass of ash and 25 g of superphosphate.
Before planting, the roots of the seedlings are moistened in a pre-prepared mixture. 1 kg of mullein and 2 kg of clay are mixed in a bucket and everything is poured to the brim with water. The prepared seedling is lowered into the hole and the roots are carefully spread over the soil. The hole is covered with the remaining loose soil and tamped down with your hands.
After planting, the grapes are watered using at least 5 liters of water for each bush. Then the soil is mulched with leaves, straw or compost.
Grape care
It is better to limit watering for grapes, the first time it is done in early spring, if the soil is dry. Then watering is carried out a week before flowering and after it has faded. Final watering is carried out in the fall after harvest. The procedure is always performed early in the morning or in the evening. After each watering or rain, the soil around the grapes must be loosened in order to destroy the formed crust.
As the shoots grow, the vine is tied to the support. In the presence of weeds, they must be weeded.
As a preventive measure, grapes are recommended to be treated with Bordeaux liquid, copper sulfate or fungicides. Spraying is carried out several times per season:
- in early spring;
- when forming buds;
- after flowering;
- during the formation of fruits, when the grapes grow to the size of a pea.
Top dressing is not carried out for the first 2 years, the plant feeds on substances that were introduced into the soil during planting. When the grapes begin to bear fruit, they will need to be fed.
The first time fertilization is applied in the spring, as soon as the winter shelter is removed. Prepare a mixture of superphosphate and nitrogen fertilizer, taken in 45 g, add 30 g of potassium fertilizer to them. The nutrient mixture is distributed evenly along the groove previously dug around the bush and sprinkled with earth.
Re-fertilize is applied a week before the flowers appear. 1 part of chicken manure is poured with 2 parts of water and insisted under a lid for 2 weeks. The concentrated nutrient mixture is diluted with water, maintaining a ratio of 1: 5. 25 g of superphosphate and 10 g of potash fertilizer are added to the diluted manure. Under each bush, it is necessary to pour 10 liters of such feeding.
When the berries begin to ripen, a mixture of 40 g of superphosphate and 20 g of potassium agent is introduced into the grooves around the bushes.
For feeding, spraying with preparations containing phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen is also used.
In the fall, when the entire crop is collected, the vines are pruned, removing dry and weak shoots, affected branches. For the winter, the plant is bent to the ground and covered from frost with coniferous branches.
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