Without regular pruning, fruit trees begin to age quickly, dry out and lose their fruiting function. This procedure makes it possible not only to correct their crown, but also to protect plants from various diseases and garden pests. Regular pruning of cherries and cherries frees trees from unnecessary branches, strengthens their health and restores vital resources.
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When to prune fruit trees
In the southern regions, this procedure is carried out at the end of November, and in the north - in September or October. Leaf fall will serve as a reference point, because during this period, the process of circulation of juices is completed and the tree can more easily transfer pruning. The main thing is to have time before the first frost, so that the slices can tighten well and not suffer from the cold.
To work, you need to sharpen and disinfect a pruner, garden shears or saw. This can be done with alcohol, saturated potassium permanganate solution, or another disinfectant. It is necessary to prepare a special putty, varnish-balsam, garden wax or Michurinka-3 var.
Cherry and cherry pruning
If you only need to partially remove the branches, use the pruning method for a young bud. In this case, the cut must be made at an angle of 40-45˚ towards the inner side of the crown, reducing the risk of rotting and subsequent thickening of the trees.
Sweet cherries and tree cherries are pruned in autumn for correction and restoration of the crown. For this, part of the branches is removed, which are ballast and take on a large amount of nutrients. After examining the cherry or cherry crown, cut off:
- Dry, deformed and diseased branches infected with various fungal infections.
- Branches that thicken trees.
- Shoots growing on the inside of the trunk.
- Branches hanging down.
- Young root branches.
- Top fattening shoots.
- Young branches on the trunk and in the forks.
- Crossing branches.
It is necessary to remove all the tops from tall trees (about 60-90 cm), leaving about 3 m of the central trunk. Young seedlings are pruned only 2 or 3 years after planting, if at least 75 cm of branches grow every year. Mature trees in the fall need to be thinned a little by removing overly long branches by cutting on young buds. This will help improve nutrient circulation and increase yields. It is not necessary to carry out large-scale pruning in 1 season, because it can significantly weaken young trees. It is best to divide all stages of work for 2-3 years, and leave young branches until spring. Cherries are cut only after picking the berries. Sick and dry branches are removed from stone fruit varieties.
How to properly prune bush cherries
On such trees, buds appear only on young branches, so over the summer the cherries grow strongly, requiring careful reorganization. In this case, it is necessary to remove all dry, deformed and damaged branches, as well as young shoots growing to the main trunk.
Pruning rules:
- shoots are removed at a distance of no more than 50 cm from their upper part;
- leave branches tending to the outside of the crown, and remove the rest;
- do not touch the shoots that can yield berries next year.
Caring for trees after pruning
The sooner the slices heal, the faster the plant will regain its strength and prepare for wintering. You only need to work with a sharply sharpened instrument and immediately treat fresh wounds.
After work, all cut branches must be removed and burned. Do not put them in compost, because they can be affected by various fungal infections.
The soil must be carefully dug up and loosened, providing oxygen and nutrients to the roots of the trees. Then they need to be watered well (about 10-20 liters of water for each plant). To prevent protection against various diseases and insect pests, treat the soil with 5% carbamide solution or insecticides.
Mature trees are not covered for the winter, but in cold regions you can close the tree trunk circle with fallen leaves, dry straw, rotted humus or other mulch. Young seedlings for the winter should be covered with spunbond or other dense material. To protect against mice, moles and other garden pests, the trunks must be whitewashed or fenced off with a net.
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