The defeat of the deciduous part of the garden culture can be associated not only with diseases or pests. In order to identify the problem in a timely manner and begin to solve it, experienced gardeners recommend inspecting the plantings at least once every 2 weeks, regardless of the stage of the woody plant development cycle. When the leaves of an apple tree and a pear are curled, this is a reason to take measures to save the trees.
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Drought and nutrient deficiencies
Before you start saving fruit trees, you need to figure out what caused them to wilt. The wrong approach to the restoration of horticultural culture can provoke the death of all plantings.
Leaves often begin to curl if the trees are not getting enough moisture. If the year is dry, and no artificial watering has taken place, then soon it will be possible to notice how the crown will begin to dry. Initially, the leaves located at the top are curled. They dry and then fall off. The wilting process will continue if the tree is not watered. If you regularly inspect the plantings, you will notice the first signs of a lack of moisture. Before rolling, the leaves become soft, like a napkin, and the young shoots become lethargic.
To compensate for the lack of water, it is necessary to pour out so much liquid that the soil is 40-45 cm wet. The land is irrigated according to the crown projection, because in this area are the suction roots.
If wilting is associated with a lack of nutrients, then it will not be possible to solve the problem quickly, as with watering. To feed a tree, after moistening the soil, fertilize the soil with ash (1.5 tbsp. per sqm) and ammophos (30 g per sqm). Nutrients are scattered around the trunk circle. After 14 days, the crown of a withering tree should be sprayed with humate. The drug can be purchased at a specialized store. Dilute it with water according to the manufacturer's instructions.
In order to prevent foliage from twisting in the future, it is necessary to feed and water fruit trees in a timely manner.
Diseases and pests
The most common causes of wilting are:
- Red-gall aphid (or gray). On the curled leaves, you can see bright red swellings. Gradually, the foliage disappears and crumbles, and spots appear on the fruits. In addition to insecticides, to combat aphids, it is necessary to whitewash the trunks, remove dead bark and destroy the affected leaves.
- Common aphid. Leaves and young shoots appear dented. Also, aphid colonies develop a kind of secret that forms a sticky film on the affected areas of trees. In addition to the fact that insects feed on the juice of fruit crops, they are carriers of various diseases. If the pests were noticed even before the appearance of the fruits, they can be eliminated with the help of Bi-58, Accord, Tsunami, Tabazol. In the fruiting stage, aphids are destroyed by folk methods, for example, spraying with an aqueous extract of tobacco is used.
- Leaf roll. The leaves curl into a tight tube, darken and fall off. The deformation is due to the poison that the caterpillars inject. To combat, you can use biological products such as Lepidocid, Akarin or Fitoverm.
- Powdery mildew. It is difficult to notice in a timely manner, therefore prevention is necessary against it. The garden is treated with a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid. You can fight the disease with fungicides, for example, Topaz.
- Scab is a fungal disease in which an olive-brown bloom appears on the leaves, and then they curl and turn brown. For the fight, fungicides are used and foliar dressing is carried out.
- Bacterial burn. The first sign of the disease is darkened falling flowers. To combat, the affected branches are cut, and then the plantings are sprayed with antibiotics, such as: Rifampicin (50 μg / ml), Streptomycin (50 μg / ml), Gentamicin (50 μg / ml) or Chloramphenicol (50 μg / ml).
- The furrowing of the wood is manifested by deformation of the leaves, followed by their reddening and shedding. Blisters, scars and black streaks form on the bark. You can save the culture only by cutting out the affected branches, followed by disinfection of the tree and soil.
Diseases and pests can affect both young and old trees.
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