For a tree to bear more fruit, you need to know how to rejuvenate an old apple tree. Pruning does not guarantee good yields. In order not to harm the plant, to stimulate high yields, it is necessary to follow certain rules.
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Rejuvenation terms
Rejuvenation is carried out in stages, over several seasons (3). The plant is minimally injured and bears fruit in the future. If you dispose of everything, the fruit tree will take a long time to recover: it can get sick or die. It is possible to reduce the stressful situation after circumcision by properly distributing the cutting periods.
In subzero temperatures, wood is fragile. During the summer, the apple tree has a long sap flow, so the tree should not be injured. Both spring and autumn are good times for the procedure. However, most gardeners rejuvenate apple and pear trees in the spring, before the juice moves.
Pruning in the spring saves energy in the following season - the injured areas are tightened and conditions are created for the plant to go into the winter with a new crown shape. When the crown is visible, it becomes clear which areas will bear fruit and which will not.
Types of trimming
It is necessary to assess the condition of the plant. If the trunk dries or decays, has hollow places, a wide crack, then the apple tree does not touch, it is better to replace it with a young one.
There are these types of trimming:
- Gradual, 3 years. Branches are removed. 1 year: processing, disposal of tops from above the central conductor (trunk). Opening the crown, the apple tree restores strength. 2 year: elimination of diseased branches (4 at a time), cleaning the crown from thickening, interweaving of thinned shoots. 3 yr: shortening of abandoned branches, stimulating shoot formation.
- Half. An innovative, harmless way adopted by gardeners. The formation of the crown takes 2 years, not completely, but partially. In 1 year, it is shortened to 3 m and a width of 2 m in the southern part. After a year (2), the plant is hard to endure cutting; the part located on the northern side of the apple tree is removed. Along the crown, at a distance of 0.7 m from each other, strong branches do not touch. The edge part of the cuts is processed with a knife, var is applied. Diameter - 4.5 cm; a dark film is superimposed on top of the var, which is removed in the autumn.
- Disposable. With regard to this method, there are disputes to this day: it is cruel to the tree, it can cause the death of the plant, but at the same time it leads to rejuvenation. In the process of pruning, the tree is shortened to a certain height, the top of the conductor in the center is cut off, unnecessary branches are removed. Circumcision is carried out in the spring, because if a tree is severely injured in the autumn, it is highly likely that it will die.
How to trim?
How is trimming done:
- Large branches are disposed of first.
- Injured and weakened branches are cut, intertwined during growth, directed to the crown.
- Tops are cut out. 10 pieces are left on the tree.
- The top of the stem is removed up to 3.6 m in height. This opens the center of the crown for the sun.
To identify thickened areas, move away from the tree and inspect the crown. Additional thinning is required. Up to a third of the branches are immediately removed; the rest of the pruning is done next year.
The tool is being prepared, the system of lifts and fasteners is carefully thought out. If the apple tree is no more than 5 m tall, you will need a stepladder. Large trees require a ladder, lopper with handles. The tool is fastened to the belt, or there is an assistant who supplies everything you need.
Do not forget about a garden pitch or analog. Damaged areas are processed while working with wood.
If you follow the rules carefully, the old tree will delight you with long-term fruiting. Processing an apple tree is a serious event, which must be approached with knowledge of the matter. Otherwise, there is a great risk of introducing infection into the tree and thereby ruining it.
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