If you watch the ships, you may get the impression that the hull of the ship is somehow leaky, because water flows out of it like fountains every now and then. Given the fact that it exactly follows, it will not be difficult to assume that the feature mentioned above is not a defect at all, but one of the many solutions provided by the designers. So what happens to the ship?
Water flows out of the court for a reason. Moreover, it does not just fall into it. The first and main reason why water jets gush from the side of the ship with fountains in certain places is the work of the ballast system. This mechanism is one of the most important units in the design of any vessel. It is needed in order to improve the stability of the car on the waves. In order for the ship to sail smoothly and not tilt to either side, sea water is pumped into special tanks.
Ballast allows the ship to be aligned to the bow, stern and sides. Accordingly, the slopes of the vessel are usually called roll and trim. Periodically, the ship has to dump ballast, for example, when it was heavily loaded. At such moments, the previously collected water is discharged into the tanks. The holes that are used for draining are called scuppers.
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By the way, they are also used to solve another very important problem at the court - the discharge of water, which for some reason got on the deck or even inside the ship. Most often this happens during rough seas or rain. The scuppers are part of a larger defense system. So, if water does not appear on board the vessel in special tanks, it may bank.
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Finally, the ship can collect and discharge through the already mentioned system industrial water, which is used to cool the engine and a number of other systems. Such water is simply pumped through the motor, preventing it from overheating.
Continuing the topic why the German ship Bottsand is folded with "scissors" at 65 degrees and not only.
A source: https://novate.ru/blogs/141119/52407/