We are all children of civilization and regularly use public transport. We ride buses, trams, trolleybuses, and each of them has a sign that says "Emergency exit". By the way, such a sign can be seen in some buildings. As a rule, a person who has read this inscription does not really think about why they write "reserve" and not "reserve". It seems that the second option should be correct, and the first one should be wrong. Come to think of it, none of us would say "spare" player or key. Why is this particular form of the word used in this case, and not the one that is familiar to us?
In Ushakov's explanatory dictionary, the word "spare" is considered the only correct one, while "spare" is interpreted as an outdated form. The fact is that the Old Slavonic version of the adjective has the ending -th / -th, while in the Old Russian language it is -th / -th. Despite this, today we often come across phrases with this outdated word. It is in combination with "exit" or "path" that it is often used.
Why exactly "spare"
The most widespread of all versions, although more like a legend, is the one associated with the Ikarus bus. This vehicle was produced in Hungary. Naturally, the workers did not differ in deep knowledge of the Russian language, and therefore made a mistake when creating the inscription. In the Soviet Union, this version spread very quickly and was considered quite plausible.
The second assumption is somewhat similar to the previous one, but with some variations. And she is also associated with a vehicle manufacturing plant. According to him, someone accidentally made a spelling mistake in the word "spare", which no one paid attention to. Since then, it has become the custom.
As for the third theory, it is associated with LAZ buses and the Ukrainian language. The original version of the inscription in Ukrainian is "spare vyhid". When translating this phrase, the first word was not translated as expected, but for some reason was replaced with "spare". Perhaps it was a commonplace mistake that has taken root and survived to our time. But this option, although more believable, but more like a legend than reality.
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But there is also a realistic opinion that deserves attention. Many philologists are inclined to believe that both words, "reserve" and "reserve", are of different roots. "Spare" has a common root with words like "stock" and "supply", but "spare" - with the words "danger" and "salvation." In case of leaving the transport, it is implied that there is a state of emergency, an accident. Accordingly, the "spare" will correctly write through the letter "s". But if you look from a different angle, then there are many experts who are inclined to think that both words do not differ in meaning, therefore, in this case, you can use either one or other.
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Modern dictionaries, for the most part, recognize this opinion. To summarize, "spare" is derived from the word "danger". Accordingly, it is used synonymously with the word "emergency", while "spare" means "additional".
Continuing the topic read, what's the difference between a driver and a chauffeur.
A source: https://novate.ru/blogs/250520/54650/