Good afternoon, my reader. The peculiarity of the procedure is flexibility: it is carried out at any time of the year and in several ways. However, to obtain the best result, the circumstances of the tree's growth and development must be taken into account. The following is a detailed answer to the question of which methods are suitable for grafting an apple tree under different conditions.
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Why vaccination is needed
Grafting the apple tree is optional. However, experienced gardeners do it every year.
Reasons for holding this event:
- low productivity;
- the need to diversify varieties on one rootstock;
- lack of space on the site;
- the need to cultivate the wild;
- a desire to save a damaged tree;
- increase frost resistance, protect against diseases.
How to vaccinate at different times of the year
The operation at different times of the year requires different adaptations.
Seasonality affects the details of this action.
The most favorable time is spring. The juices have not yet moved along the trunk, so the scion will take root with the greatest probability. The procedure begins in February-March, as soon as the severe frosts recede. Budding takes place in the second half of the season.
In the summer, the vaccine is done in late July - early August. The "sleeping eye" method is used before the juices begin to move. Previously, you can use cuttings methods, but they are less effective.
With the onset of autumn, conditions for vaccination become less favorable. But you can still try to perform the procedure at the beginning of September. Using the peephole method. For young rootstocks, you can apply the method "split", "in the butt", "behind the bark".
In winter, vaccinate if the tree is indoors. The rootstocks are harvested in early spring. They are stored at zero degrees. But before grafting, the plant must be moved to a warm place.
What are the methods of vaccination
Of the many different ways, gardeners distinguish the most effective:
- budding;
- into cleavage;
- copulation.
The first is also called "eye" or "kidney". Can be carried out in the fall if a "sleeping eye" is planned. When warm weather sets in in the second half of spring, leaves appear at the tree, an operation is performed with a germinating bud. In middle latitudes, budding is carried out at the end of July or in August.
A bud from an annual shoot with adjacent tissues is cut out and a shield is installed in a T-shaped incision.
The splitting method is used twice: for the first and repeated vaccinations. Suitable when the branch has a diameter of 2-2.5 cm. Recommended for use twice a year: late March - early April and late July - early August. In regions with warm climates, you can use the method in September. The vaccination will be successful.
The method looks like this: split the stem or skeletal branch and insert the stock-cutting into the split. If there is a difference in diameters, several cuttings are inserted into one scion. Four cuttings are inserted into a cruciform incision.
Copulation is done with different thicknesses of the scion and rootstock. A spread of 2.5-5 cm is considered the most suitable. Can be performed at any time, except for the autumn.
The method consists in combining the scion and rootstock in one branch. The condition for successful grafting is the coincidence of the cambium layers. You can make longitudinal cuts and combine the branches so that they match.
Grafting an apple tree is an operation that requires experience, knowledge and skills. If you follow it in compliance with all the rules, the stock will take root.
Do you know how to prepare cuttings for spring grafting?
Original articleand many other materials, you can find on ourwebsite.
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