The electrical network, along with running water, sewage, heating and similar relates to basic engineering systems private home or cottage. Chart describing wiring it can be included in the project documentation of the object or the Holders of its own.
The need for its careful consideration due to the fact that in modern residential wiring estate is performed in a latent form and the subsequent alteration after completion of finishing works involve high problems.
organizational features
Wiring is based on the radial (rarely in radial-node - in big houses) topology. The nodes of such a structure, an example of which is shown in Figure 1, form electrical shields.
Drafting wiring scheme involves a number of stages, such as:
- determining the total electric power, individual consumers and their enlarged groups;
- the calculation section of power cables;
- charting cabling.
In some cases, the wiring diagram:
- supplement plan placements powerful stationary power consumers (an example is shown in Figure 2);
- together constitute the grounding system,
considering them one of the components of the project.
Calculation of power and cross-sections
Full electrical power capacity is obtained summation
- individual large consumers: the water heater flow type air conditioner, washing machine, dishwasher, freezer and similar;
- bulbs lighting system;
- small and medium power consumers (food processor, computer, TV, stereo system).
The value of this parameter must not exceed the maximum allowed power based inrush currents and a 20 percent margin. In addition, it immediately gives the type of network: one-phase 220 volt or three-phase 380 V.
In the latter case taking into account the fact that:
- sometimes the need to go to 380 dictates the type of electrical equipment such as a heater;
- rated power consumption of individual phases should be roughly equal.
cable cross-section
This parameter is as follows. Dividing the wattage of all consumers connected to the cable, 220 receive current from define wire section based on 1 mm2 7 A, followed by rounding up to the cross section of standard values (1.5, 2.5, 4, etc. mm2).
More accurate estimated values give special tables that take into account as a parameter to the cable length. In severe cases, it is advisable to consult a specialist.
Current consumption also specifies the type of machine, the RCD and applied rosettes.
Wiremap
When drawing the wiring circuit of the linear part based on the following assumptions:
- Consumers should be divided into groups so that the power in each group was approximately the same;
- load within the same group should be divided into "top" and "bottom" to the example, in case of failure a second portion remains operational (e.g., the overhead light and portable powered lamp from sockets);
- groups as possible should have an architectural anchor (from room to room, floor).
Routing of line cables necessarily reflected in the project document as shown in Figure 2. They should run parallel to the architectural lines of the building, descents and ascents carried out vertically.
Trails perform any of the methods allowed in some cases (wooden houses) may require additional protection through pipes and hoses, an example of which is shown in Figure 3.
conclusion
Preparation wiring scheme is a linear process, each of which stages is implemented, based on previous results obtained and uses them.
Mapping is possible at the level of knowledge of high school physics, but requires some care. The presence of the circuit allows to generate cost estimates for this part of the house equipment and simplifies its further operation.