Good afternoon, dear guests and subscribers of the "Build for Myself" channel!
The day has come when the porch has to be made. According to approximate calculations, in two or three months we will celebrate a housewarming :-))) At least - I really hope to move in before the fall.
For the porch of your house, it was decided to make a strip reinforced foundation. A reinforced concrete slab will rest on the belt, which will further carry the stone steps and distribute the load on the foundation.
I want to lay the steps out of rubble stone, as well as the basement of the house, about which one of the following articles will be written.
The width of the tape is equal to the width of the spade bayonet, i.e. 25 cm. and this is more than enough to support the structure weight of 8200 kg on the ground. (estimated weight).
As it should be according to SNiP, he buried the foundation below the freezing mark, so that in the future there would be no unnecessary stresses and slip relative to the foundation of the house (You can read more about this in my previous article "
Do not make shallow foundations under the porch. I explain why it will always "move away" from home).The fact is that with a shallow foundation, the soil under the porch will always freeze, therefore the porch moves in different directions and forms cracks.
Be sure to perform anchoring to the foundation of the house and made an expansion joint (in 4 layers of roofing material). I used 10 mm reinforcement as an anchor. 4 rods for each abutment, which were fixed to the foundation with Ceresit anchor mixture.
Reinforcement of the lower and upper chords was made by two rods of the 12th reinforcement (residues after construction), which provides more than 2-fold tensile strength margin, since if we consider the tape as a beam, then its length is only 2.55 m, with a rectangular section of 0.25 m. * 1.1 m.
The foundation strip is made with M150 concrete of our own mix :-))) It took 1.7 cubic meters. and 6 man-hours of work with a concrete mixer.
The next day, the formwork was exposed, the slab under the steps was reinforced and poured with concrete. The slab rests on the foundation on three sides, the reinforcement is made appropriate:
- Bottom row: cell 18 cm. from reinforcement 10 mm.
- Upper row: cell 30 cm. - reinforcement mixed from 6th to 10th
I know that a lot of extra fittings are buried in the porch, but a lot is left after the house, even if it is in the foundation, than it rusts on the street :-))).
Soil served as formwork from below, the fertile soil layer did not remove, because even if it sags, the slab will remain on the foundation - for this purpose I did the calculation of the structure's reinforcement.
Concrete for the slab is also hand-mixed, grade M350. I froze the very next day, which is what I wanted (so that you could walk and work with the steps).
In the morning I rolled out the waterproofing, fused glass-insulated sheets together with a gas burner. Due to the greenhouse effect - the concrete is damp, does not require additional maintenance, and besides, it rained well during rolling.
The foundation is ready!
1 day for excavation, 1 day for tape, 1 day for slab (3 days in total) Now you can start laying the stone ...
That's all, I hope you liked the article and became useful! I look forward to your comments and thank you for your attention!
There is no need to write nasty comments about concrete in the ground and cement milk, but we all know that this is a myth: cement takes as much water as is required for it hydration, envelops and adheres the aggregate in a matter of minutes and does not give water anywhere either in the form of "cement milk" or in the form of anything else far-fetched. Only free water that is not involved in the reaction is beaten off and flows out - you can see it on the surface of the solution, as a displaced liquid under the weight of the mixture.
Showing how to determine the bearing capacity of the soil manually?
In fact, the foundation does not only bear the weight of the house. Why and what is the foundation for?
I show 3 ways how to quickly build a right angle on the ground with only a piece of rope