The formation of vineyard bushes according to the recommendations of gardeners is required to be carried out regularly during the first year of vine growth. The work is carried out using different technologies. The list of demanded schemes: sleeve, fan or cordon, using trellises, boles. When choosing a technology, the climatic features of the region and the type of soil are taken into account.
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Vine pruning rules
The formation of grape plantings determines the duration of fruiting. Pruning is done using standard grape-specific pruning patterns.
When forming, you will need to cut:
- stepchildren;
- deformed and damaged by insects shoots;
- branches with extra buds.
Positive effect of the procedure:
- providing grape vine plantations with sufficient nutrition;
- simplification of grape care procedures;
- reducing the risk of planting disease;
- airing bushes;
- improving the level of illumination of the bushes;
- increasing the taste characteristics of fruits;
- increased frost resistance;
- extending the durability of landings;
- prevention of deformation of the branches of grapes.
Without forming pruning, the fruits become small, their taste characteristics decrease, and the resistance of plantings to cold weather and diseases decreases.
The scheme for forming bushes is selected taking into account the following parameters:
- climatic conditions of the region;
- specific parameters of the grape variety;
- soil types;
- growth rate of shoots;
- frost resistance indicators and the need for shelter.
Schemes for the formation of bushes
The sleeve scheme is used for pruning vines in regions with cool climates, strong winds. The scheme is optimal for trimming plantings in a small area. It provides for annual removal of branches to prevent nutrient deficiencies. In the first season, it is recommended to remove all branches, except for strong and densely growing ones. It is necessary to leave on each long branch 7-9 buds, on short ones - 2-3 pieces. In the autumn, in the second year of growth, it is required to cut off long branches, in short ones only strong shoots are left.
The fan shape assumes the cultivation of at least 5-6 sleeves. The branches are formed to be fan-shaped on both sides of the root system. When performing a vertical garter, small, medium and large vines are left.
The cordon form of the formation of bushes is created in stages over 4 years. First, you need to thin out the growing branches, leaving a gap of about 30-42 cm between them. For 2 years it is required to grow a powerful stem, then cut and tie it to the trellis, trellis. There are 3 types of cordons: vertical, inclined and horizontal. In the third year, arrows on the sleeve grow, weak branches are removed. In the fourth year, the formation of the fruit link is carried out.
The scheme of growing grapes using the Guyot technique is designed to increase the yield of bushes. There are options for trimming bushes with 1 or 2 "shoulders". The method is selected according to the type of soil. On poor lands, the formation of shrubs with 2 “shoulders” is used. On fertile soil - a method of planting grapes with 1 "shoulder", the gap between plants is 1-1.2 m.
Do you know the rules for pruning grapes?
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Read about grape diseases in the following article:Diseases of grapes: description, methods of treatment