It is possible to draw up an accurate and correct wiring diagram in the kitchen, which includes elements of switching equipment, only after solving the issue with the situation in the room. This takes into account not only the order of arrangement of furniture (kitchen set, in particular), but also the location of such household appliances as:
- Washing machine and dishwasher.
- Cooker hood and refrigerator.
- Microwave oven, gas or electric stove and other equipment.
The position occupied by each of the listed devices in a certain way affects the layout of electrical wires in the kitchen (photo below).
Schema drawing rules
When drawing up an electrical wiring diagram in any room, the following general rules are followed:
- the wires to be laid are connected only in special junction boxes or on installation elements (power sockets, switches and lighting devices);
- cable lines are laid along horizontal and vertical routes (that is, it is prohibited to reduce distances and draw lines diagonally or along an arc);
- vertical routes are "led" at a distance of at least 10 cm from door and window openings, as well as corners and other structural elements of the room;
- in the horizontal plane, they should run no closer than 20 cm from the ceiling and, accordingly, 10 cm from the cornice.
According to the PUE, power outlets are mounted at a height of 0.3-1.0 meters from the floor. In addition, they cannot be installed closer than half a meter from steel pipes, housings
electric stoves or ovens, as well as radiators, washing equipment and other metal objects.
If the kitchen has built-in furniture, some of the sockets can be placed above the tabletop at a distance of about 10-20 cm from its plane. Those of them to which it is supposed to connect the built-in appliances (electric stove, washing unit, hood, etc.) are more expedient to place directly under the countertop (photo below).
In the wiring diagram of the wiring, the power of the devices connected to the lines must be indicated, which determines the choice of the appropriate installation products. It also provides references to the cross-section of wires to be routed to each electrical consumer with a pre-calculated power.
Selection of accessories
Obligatory elements of the wiring diagram are protective products (circuit breakers), the choice of which is determined by the power of consumers. This also includes electrical conductors of a given section.
The former are selected based on the calculated values of the limiting current flowing through the working circuits, and the latter, taking into account the long-term operation, in which they do not heat up (do not overload). For the correct choice of these elements, you will need to find out the power of the consumers connected to the power grid at the same time (for each of them, this indicator is given in the passport of a particular device).